VHDL秒表计时器设计程序 | 本秒表计时器用于体育竞赛及各种要求有较精确时的各领域。此计时器是用一块专用的芯片,用VHDL语言描述的。它除开关、时钟和显示功能以外,它还包括1/100s计时器所有的控制和定时功能,其体积小,携带方便。
计时器的设计功能:
(1) 精度应大于1/100s
(2) 计时器的最长计时时间为1小时
在一般的短时间计时应用中,1小时应该足够了。为此需要一个6位显示器,显示最长时间为59分59.99秒。
(3) 设置复位和启/停开关
复位开关用来使计时器清0,并作好清0准备。启/停开关的使用方法与传统的机械计时器相同,即按一下启/停开关,启动计时器开始计时,再按一下启/停开关计时终止。复位开关可以在任何情况下使用,即使在计时过程中,只要按一下复位开关,计时进程应立即终止,并对计时器清零。
设计方案:
为了便于描述,将整个计时控制芯片分成5个子模块:键输入子模块(keyin),时钟产生子模块(clkgen),控制子模块(ctrl),定时计数子模块(cntclk)和显示子模块(disp),各模块之间信号连接关系的方框图如下:
芯片设计:
各模块程序及生成的符号文件如下:
keyin模块设计
该模块的描述是为了产生单个复位脉冲res和启停脉冲stst.整个功能模块用两个进程语句描述。
library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;
entity keyin is
port(reset,start_stop,clk :in std_logic;
res,stst :out std_logic);
end entity;
architecture a of keyin is
signal res0,res1,stst0,stst1 :std_logic;
begin
process(clk)
begin
if(clk'event and clk='0')then
res1<=res0;
res0<=reset;
stst1<=stst0;
stst0<=start_stop;
end if;
end process;
process(res0,res1,stst0,stst1)
begin
res<=clk and res0 and (not res1);
stst<=clk and stst0 and (not stst1);
end process;
end a;
clkgen模块设计
该模块的功能是产生100Hz的计时允许信号cntclk和25Hz的宽度为1ms的键输入时钟信号keycek.
LIBRARY IEEE;
USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;
USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL;
ENTITY cnt10 IS
PORT (reset,en,clk:IN STD_LOGIC;
carry:OUT STD_LOGIC;
q :OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(3 DOWNTO 0));
END CNT10;
ARCHITECTURE rtl OF cnt10 IS
SIGNAL qs :STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(3 DOWNTO 0);
SIGNAL ca :STD_LOGIC;
BEGIN
PROCESS(clk)
BEGIN
IF(clk'EVENT AND clk='1')THEN
IF(reset='1')THEN
qs<="0000";
ELSIF(en='1') THEN
IF(qs="1001") THEN
qs<= "0000";
ca<='0';
ELSIF(qs="1000") THEN
qs<= qs+1;
ca<='1';
ELSE
LIBRARY IEEE;
USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;
USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL;
ENTITY cnt4 IS
PORT (reset,en,clk:IN STD_LOGIC;
carry :OUT STD_LOGIC;
q :OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(1 DOWNTO 0));
END CNT4;
ARCHITECTURE rtl OF cnt4 IS
SIGNAL qs :STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(1 DOWNTO 0);
SIGNAL ca :STD_LOGIC;
BEGIN
PROCESS(clk)
BEGIN
IF(clk'EVENT AND clk='1')THEN
IF(reset='1')THEN
qs<="00";
ELSIF (EN='1')THEN
IF(qs="11") THEN
qs<= "00";
ca<='0';
ELSIF(qs="10") THEN
qs<= qs+1;
ca<='1';
ELSE
qs<=qs+1;
ca<='0';
END IF;
END IF;
END IF;
END PROCESS;
PROCESS(ca)
BEGIN
q<=qs;
carry<=ca AND en;
END PROCESS;
END rtl;
ctrl子模块
该模块的功能是产生计时计数模块的计数允许信号cnten
library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
use ieee.std_logic_arith.all;
entity ctrl is
port(sysres,res,stst,cntclk:in std_ulogic;
centen:out std_ulogic);
end ctrl;
architecture rtl of ctrl is
signal enb1:std_ulogic;
begin
process(stst,sysres,res)
begin
if(sysres='1' or res='1') then
enb1<='0';
elsif(stst'event and stst='1') then
enb1<=not enb1;
end if;
end process;
centen<=enb1 and cntclk;
end rtl;
cntblk模块设计
该模块的功能是实现计时计数,它由四个十进制计数器和两个六进制计数器串结而成。
LIBRARY IEEE;
USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;
USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL;
ENTITY cnt10 IS
PORT (reset,en,clk:IN STD_LOGIC;
carry:OUT STD_LOGIC;
q :OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(3 DOWNTO 0));
END CNT10;
ARCHITECTURE rtl OF cnt10 IS
SIGNAL qs :STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(3 DOWNTO 0);
SIGNAL ca :STD_LOGIC;
BEGIN
PROCESS(clk)
BEGIN
IF(clk'EVENT AND clk='1')THEN
IF(reset='1')THEN
qs<="0000";
ELSIF(en='1') THEN
IF(qs="1001") THEN
qs<= "0000";
ca<='0';
ELSIF(qs="1000") THEN
qs<= qs+1;
ca<='1';
ELSE
qs<=qs+1;
ca<='0';
END IF;
END IF;
END IF;
END PROCESS;
PROCESS(ca,en)
BEGIN
q<=qs;
carry<=ca AND en;
END PROCESS;
END rtl;
LIBRARY IEEE;
USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;
USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL;
ENTITY cnt6 IS
PORT (reset,en,clk:IN STD_LOGIC;
carry :OUT STD_LOGIC;
q :OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(3 DOWNTO 0));
END CNT6;
ARCHITECTURE rtl OF cnt6 IS
SIGNAL qs :STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(3 DOWNTO 0);
SIGNAL ca :STD_LOGIC;
BEGIN
PROCESS(clk)
BEGIN
IF(clk'EVENT AND clk='1')THEN
IF(reset='1')THEN
qs<="0000";
ELSIF(en='1')THEN
IF(qs="0101") THEN
qs<= "0000";
ca<='0';
ELSIF(qs="0100") THEN
qs<= qs+1;
ca<='1';
ELSE
qs<=qs+1;
ca<='0';
END IF;
END IF;
END IF;
END PROCESS;
PROCESS(ca,en)
BEGIN
q<=qs;
carry<=ca AND en;
END PROCESS;
END rtl;
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