这个跟编译器肯定有关的，一般开发软件的安装路径下应该有数据类型位数的头文件，你找找看。这个是我在C:\Keil\C51\INC下找到了。
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------
LIMITS.H
ANSI standard include file.
Copyright (c) 1988-2008 Keil Elektronik GmbH and Keil Software, Inc.
Copyright (c) 2009 ARM Germany GmbH
All rights reserved.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#ifndef __LIMITS_H__
#define __LIMITS_H__
#define CHAR_BIT 8 /* Number of bits in any "char" */
#define CHAR_MAX 127 /* Max "char" value */
#define CHAR_MIN (-128) /* Min "char" value */
#define SCHAR_MAX 127 /* Max "signed" "char" value */
#define SCHAR_MIN (-128) /* Min "signed" "char" value */
#define UCHAR_MAX 255 /* Max "unsigned" "char" value */
#define SHRT_MAX 32767 /* Max ("signed") "short" value */
#define SHRT_MIN (-32767-1) /* Min ("signed") "short" value */
#define USHRT_MAX 0xFFFF /* Max "unsigned" "short" value */
#define INT_MAX 32767 /* Max ("signed") "int" value */
#define INT_MIN (-32767-1) /* Min ("signed") "int" value */
#define UINT_MAX 0xFFFF /* Max "unsigned" "int" value */
#define LONG_MAX 2147483647 /* Max ("signed") "long" value */
#define LONG_MIN (-2147483647L-1L) /* Min ("signed") "long" value */
#define ULONG_MAX 0xFFFFFFFF /* Max "unsigned" "long" value */
#endif
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