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TI电池管理芯片--电池术语解码1

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本帖最后由 xyz549040622 于 2020-5-26 19:16 编辑

Maybe you’re a firmware engineer assigned to write code to work with the battery charger and fuel gauge. Maybe you just want to know what your battery engineer friends are talking about during lunch. Whatever the case, you need a crash course in some battery terminology. Don’t worry, because there aren't too many terms you need to know, and it’s not all alphabet soup, either!

First, be sure to act clever and distinguish between the battery and the cell when necessary. The cell is just the bare Li-ion, Li-polymer or other electrochemical energy source without any protection, added electronics or packaging. A complete lithium pack, or battery typically has a small printed circuit board (PCB) attached to it with a protector integrated circuit (IC) controlling field-effect transistors (FETs) that will open in case of dangerous conditions like overvoltage or overcurrent. This protector IC is a minimum requirement for all lithium batteries due to the more “exciting” nature of this chemistry. There may also be a fuel gauge inside the pack, typically with a current-sense resistor; sometimes the protector and fuel gauge are integrated into one IC, as with the bq27742-G1.


Multicell packs may have even more electronics, like a chemical fuse, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and cell-balancing circuits. And don’t forget the connector for interfacing with the battery. At minimum, the connector will have plus, minus and thermistor contacts. If it’s a “smart battery,” it will also have one or two connectors for communication with the gauge inside, perhaps a bq40z50.

Now let’s talk about shapes, or “form factors.” You can probably guess that a cylindrical cell is shaped like a candle. This is because it’s constructed like a jelly roll, with the cathode, separator and anode layers wound in a spiral before being enclosed in a metal can. Many thicker, older laptops have used multiple cylindrical cells in their battery packs for a long time. Cylindrical cells typically come in industry-standard sizes. The most famous is the 18650 cell, which has a diameter of 18mm and a length of 65mm.

The second type is also enclosed in metal for rigidity, but it’s usually a flat metal shape and is called a prismatic cell. Think of the increasingly rare flat removable batteries in mobile phones. Those are prismatic cells with a small protector PCB.

Now imagine that you want to get the thinnest possible battery to embed in your product. As long as users can’t remove the battery, you don’t have to encase the cell in metal, making a third type called a laminate cell or pouch cell an option. These names come from their construction, in which the cathode and anode layers are laminated to each other inside a flimsy foil pouch. This is typically the thinnest, flattest form factor you can get, but don’t puncture or bend it! These delicate laminate or pouch cells typically have the protector PCB connected to them by the pack maker; the entire assembly will be carefully embedded inside the final product, providing the physical protection. Users are not supposed to replace this type of battery themselves (at least not under warranty). Another good point is that custom laminate cells can easily be made with any dimensions, so you can fill exactly the volume allotted if your marketing department isn’t giving you infinite space.

I’ll close with a brief distinction between primary and secondary batteries. These are just fancy ways of saying non-rechargeable and rechargeable. If someone talks about their primary battery, they probably don’t mean their “main” battery.  They mean a battery that is discharged once and disposed of.  A primary cell can come in many shapes and sizes, but a common type is the “coin cell” like a watch battery.  Traditionally they were non-rechargeable, but in recent years they, too, have been made available with rechargeable Li-ion chemistries.


With those basics behind us, in a future post we will get to that alphabet soup.

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xyz549040622|  楼主 | 2020-5-26 19:14 | 只看该作者
也许你是一名固件工程师,负责编写使用电池充电器和燃油表的代码。也许你只是想知道你的电池工程师朋友在午餐时在说些什么。不管是什么情况,你都需要一些电池术语的速成班。别担心,因为你不需要知道太多的术语,而且它也不是所有的字母表汤!

首先,一定要行动聪明,并在必要时区分电池和电池。电池只是裸锂离子,锂聚合物或其他电化学能源,没有任何保护,增加电子或包装。一个完整的锂电池组,或电池通常有一个小印刷电路板(PCB)与一个保护集成电路(IC)控制场效应晶体管(Fet),将打开在危险的情况下,如过电压或过电流。这种保护IC是所有锂电池的最低要求,因为这种化学物质更“令人兴奋”。包内也可能有一个燃料量规,通常带有电流感应电阻;有时保护器和燃油计被集成在一个集成电路中,就像在bq 27742-G1.



多单元封装可能有更多的电子产品,如化学熔断器、发光二极管(LED)和电池平衡电路。不要忘记与电池接口的连接器。至少,连接器将有正负和热敏电阻接触。如果它是一个“智能电池”,它还将有一个或两个连接器,用于与内部的计量器通信,也许是一个bq40z50.

现在让我们来谈谈形状,或者说“形式因素”。你可能会猜到一个圆柱形细胞的形状就像一支蜡烛。这是因为它的构造像果冻卷,阴极,分离器和阳极层缠绕在一个螺旋,然后被封闭在一个金属罐。很长一段时间以来,许多更厚、更老的笔记本电脑在电池组中使用了多个圆柱形电池。圆柱形电池通常采用工业标准尺寸.最著名的是18650细胞,它的直径为18毫米,长度为65毫米。

第二种类型也是封闭在金属中的刚性,但它通常是一个扁平的金属形状,并被称为棱形单元。想想手机中越来越罕见的平板可移动电池。这些都是带有小保护PCB的棱镜电池。

现在,假设您想要将最薄的电池嵌入到您的产品中。只要用户不能移除电池,你就不需要用金属包裹电池,就可以选择第三种类型的电池,称为叠层电池或袋电池。这些名称来自于它们的结构,在这种结构中,阴极和阳极层相互叠合在一个薄薄的铝箔袋内。这是典型的最薄,最平的形状因素,你可以得到,但不要刺穿或弯曲它!这些精致的层压板或袋细胞通常由包装制造商将保护器PCB连接到它们;整个组件将小心地嵌入最终产品中,提供实物保护。用户不应该更换这种类型的电池本身(至少不在保修期内)。另一个好的方面是,定制的层压板单元可以很容易地用任何尺寸制作,因此,如果营销部门没有给您无限的空间,您就可以准确地填充所分配的体积。

最后,我将简单地区分一次电池和二次电池。这些只是说非充电和可充电的奇特方式。如果有人谈论他们的一次电池,他们可能不是指他们的“主”电池。它们指的是一次放电并处理掉的电池。初级电池可以有多种形状和大小,但常见的一种类型是“硬币电池”,如手表电池。传统上它们是不可充电的,但近年来,它们也被提供了可充电的锂离子化学物质。



有了这些基础知识,在未来的一篇**中,我们将得到那个字母表汤。

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