单片机就是在一片半导体硅片上集成了中央处理单元(CPU)、存储器(RAM、ROM)、并行IO、串行TO、定时器/计数器、中断系统、系统时钟电路及系统总线的用于测控领域的微型计算机，简称单片机。
单片机主要应用于测控领域，通常是处于测控系统的核心地位并嵌入其中，所以国际上通常把单片机称为嵌入式控制器(EMCU，Embedded MicroController Unit)，或微控制器(MCU,MicroController Unit)。
单片机按照其用途可分为通用型和专用型两大类。
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