通信设计中考虑协议的灵活性,经常把协议设计成“不定长度”。一个实例如下图:锐米LoRa终端的通信协议帧。
如果一个系统接收上述“不定长度”的协议帧,将会有一个挑战--如何高效接收与解析。 为简化系统设计,我们强烈建议您采用“状态机”来解析UART数据帧,并且把解析工作放在ISR(中断服务程序)完成,仅当接收到最后一个字节(0x0D)时,再将整个数据帧提交给进程处理。 该解析状态机的原理如下图所示:
那么ISR处理这个状态机来得及吗?答案是:so easy!因为它只有3个动作,运算量十分小: 比较接收数据 -> 更新状态变量 -> 存储接收数据,C语言仅3条语句,翻译成机器指令也不超过10条。 代码清单如下: view plaincopy to clipboardprint?
- /**
- * @brief Status of received communication frame
- */
- typedef enum
- {
- STATUS_IDLE = (uint8_t)0,
- STATUS_HEAD, /* Rx Head=0x3C */
- STATUS_TYPE, /* Rx Type */
- STATUS_DATA, /* Data filed */
- STATUS_TAIL, /* Tail=0x0D */
- STATUS_END, /* End of this frame */
- } COMM_TRM_STATUS_TypeDef;
- /**
- * @brief Data object for received communication frame
- */
- typedef struct
- {
- uint8_t byCnt; /* Count of 1 field */
- uint8_t byDataLen; /* Length of data field */
- uint8_t byFrameLen; /* Length of frame */
- COMM_TRM_STATUS_TypeDef eRxStatus;
- uint8_t a_byRxBuf[MAX_LEN_COMM_TRM_DATA];
- } COMM_TRM_DATA;
- /**
- * @brief Data object for received communication frame.
- * @NOTE Prevent race condition that accessed by both ISR and process.
- */
- static COMM_TRM_DATA s_stComm2TrmData;
- /**
- * @brief Put a data that received by UART into buffer.
- * @note Prevent race condition this called by ISR.
- * @param uint8_t byData: the data received by UART.
- * @retval None
- */
- void comm2trm_RxUartData(uint8_t byData)
- {
- /* Update status according to the received data */
- switch (s_stComm2TrmData.eRxStatus)
- {
- case STATUS_IDLE:
- if (COMM_TRM_HEAD == byData) /* Is Head */
- {
- s_stComm2TrmData.eRxStatus = STATUS_HEAD;
- }
- else
- {
- goto rx_exception;
- }
- break;
- case STATUS_HEAD:
- if (TYPE_INVALID_MIN < byData && byData < TYPE_INVALID_MAX) /* Valid type */
- {
- s_stComm2TrmData.eRxStatus = STATUS_TYPE;
- }
- else
- {
- goto rx_exception;
- }
- break;
- case STATUS_TYPE:
- if (byData <= MAX_LEN_UART_FRAME_DATA) /* Valid data size */
- {
- s_stComm2TrmData.eRxStatus = STATUS_DATA;
- s_stComm2TrmData.byDataLen = byData;
- }
- else
- {
- goto rx_exception;
- }
- break;
- case STATUS_DATA:
- if (s_stComm2TrmData.byCnt < s_stComm2TrmData.byDataLen)
- {
- ++s_stComm2TrmData.byCnt;
- }
- else
- {
- s_stComm2TrmData.eRxStatus = STATUS_TAIL;
- }
- break;
- case STATUS_TAIL:
- if (COMM_TRM_TAIL == byData)
- {
- /* We received a frame of data, now tell process to deal with it! */
- process_poll(&Comm2TrmProcess);
- }
- else
- {
- goto rx_exception;
- }
- break;
- default:
- ASSERT(!"Error: Bad status of comm2trm_RxUartData().\r\n");
- break;
- }
- /* Save the received data */
- s_stComm2TrmData.a_byRxBuf[s_stComm2TrmData.byFrameLen++] = byData;
- return;
- rx_exception:
- ClearCommFrame();
- return;
- }
转载自网络,如有侵权,联系删除。
|