23.1 实验内容 通过本实验主要学习以下内容: • SDIO操作原理 • SD卡读写实现 23.2 实验原理 SD卡是一种主要以Nand Flash作为存储介质,具有体积小、数据传输速度快以及支持热插拔的优点。如今,已被广泛应用于数码相机、便携式移动设备以及手机等多种设备中。SD卡的驱动一般有SPI接口或SDIO接口,本例程介绍使用GD32F303的SDIO接口驱动SD卡的实现。 23.2.1 SD卡基础知识 SD卡:secure digital memory card是一种安全存储器件。属性是快闪存储器(flash eeprom),功能用来存储数据。 SD卡虽然是薄薄的一片,但是它并不是一个整体,而是由大量的集成电路组成。SD卡的内部结构如下图所示,主要由信号端子,接口控制器和存储区组成。 SD卡主要有两种模式,SD模式和SPI模式。不同模式下,接口定义不同。下面是SD卡的引脚。 两种模式的接口定义如下 SD模式中,主要由VCC(电源),VSS(GND),CLK(时钟,由主控提供),CMD(命令),DAT0-3(数据输入输出),由6线制组成进行通信。SPI模式,主要采用4线制通信,除了电源地外,由MISO,MOSI,CLK,CS组成。下面简单介绍SD模式的操作。 要驱动SD卡工作,主要涉及两个步骤。第一个步骤是SD卡的识别过程。第二个步骤是对SD卡进行读写过程,即主机控制器和SD卡之间进行数据传输的过程。
要使SD卡能正常工作,一是要给SD卡供给稳定的电压,二是要SD卡按用户规定的方式工作。这两项工作的实现,都是主机控制器通过给SD卡发送控制命令来实现的。
主机(SDIO控制器)要驱动SD卡工作,要使用许多的命令,包括应用层命令ACMD 和 通用命令 CMD. 主机(SDIO控制器)把命令发送给SD卡,SD卡会作出回应,这里的回应叫做响应,响应命令分为6类,分别是R1、R1b、R2、R3、R6、R7。主机(SDIO控制器)给SD卡发送命令之后,SD卡会作出响应,响应中包含主机(SDIO控制器)需要的数据,这些数据有SD的信息,容量,和存储数据等等。上面已经提到了,SD卡工作,主要是识别和数据传输,它的识别过程有些复杂,写代码的时候,可以参考协议给的初始化流程图。数据传输包括读和写,单字节和多字节读写。下两节描述识别初始化流程图和数据读写时序图。 1、读写数据的时序图 SDIO与SD卡通信一般以数据块的形式进行传输,SDIO(多)数据块读操作,如下图所示。 SDIO(多)数据块写操作,如下图所示。 2、命令格式
SDIO所有的命令和响应都是在SDIO_CMD引脚上面传输的,命令长度固定为48位,SDIO命令格式如下表所示。 3、寄存器
SDIO控制器的寄存器,主要设置SDIO控制器和命令的索引与参数。SD卡有5个寄存器CID,RCA,CSD,SCR.OCR。SD卡的信息从SD卡寄存器中获取。 SD卡正常工作,就是根据SD卡初始化流程图,发送命令,收到回复,直到流程结束。传输数据,也是根据读写时序图,将要发送的数据放进命令中发送出去。 23.2.2 SDIO模块原理 SDIO为安全的数字输入输出接口,可以用于驱动SD卡、EMMC等,主要特征如下: ◼ MMC: 与多媒体卡系统规格书 V4.2 及之前的版本全兼容。有三种不同的数据总线模式:1 位(默认)、 4 位和 8 位;
◼ SD 卡: 与SD 存储卡规格版本2.0 全兼容;
◼ SD I/O: 与 SD I/O 卡规格版本 2.0 全兼容,有两种不同的数据总线模式: 1 位(默认)和4位;
◼ CE-ATA: 与 CE-ATA 数字协议版本 1.1 全兼容;
◼ 48MHz 数据传输频率和8 位数据传输模式;
◼ 中断和 DMA 请求;
◼ 完成信号使能和失能(CE-ATA)。 SDIO模块结构框图如下所示。主要包含两大部分:SDIO 适配器:由控制单元、命令单元和数据单元组成,控制单元管理时钟信号,命令单元管理命令的传输,数据单元管理数据的传输;AHB 接口:包括通过 AHB 总线访问的寄存器、用于数据传输的 FIFO 单元以及产生中断和DMA 请求信号。 SDIO模块可以实现对SD卡的完全驱动以及协议的实现,包括命令、响应等相关操作,本例程实现使用SDIO驱动SD卡初始化以及读写测试等相关操作,具体实现可以参考GD32F303用户手册以及代码解析等。 23.3 硬件设计 SD卡相关硬件电路如下图所示,实验板上具有SD卡卡座,信号线上有四根数据线,一根CMD命令线以及一根CLK时钟线,所有信号线通过10K电阻进行上拉,电源地信号线具有10uf以及100nf电容,SD卡插入时,金属接触点朝下插入。 23.4 代码解析 23.4.1 SDIO初始化配置函数 SDIO初始化配置在sd_io_init()函数中,其中包括sd_init()初始化、sd_card_information_get()SD卡信息获取、sd_card_select_deselect()SD卡选择、sd_cardstatus_get()SD卡状态获取、sd_bus_mode_config()SD卡总线宽度配置以及sd_transfer_mode_config()SD卡通信模式配置,历程中选择了4线查询模式。 - C
- sd_error_enum sd_io_init(void)
- {
- sd_error_enum status = SD_OK;
- uint32_t cardstate = 0;
- status = sd_init();
- if(SD_OK == status){
- status = sd_card_information_get(&sd_cardinfo);
- }
- if(SD_OK == status){
- status = sd_card_select_deselect(sd_cardinfo.card_rca);
- }
- status = sd_cardstatus_get(&cardstate);
- if(cardstate & 0x02000000){
- // printf("\r\n the card is locked!");
- while (1){
- }
- }
- if ((SD_OK == status) && (!(cardstate & 0x02000000)))
- {
- /* set bus mode */
- status = sd_bus_mode_config(SDIO_BUSMODE_4BIT);
- // status = sd_bus_mode_config( SDIO_BUSMODE_1BIT );
- }
- if (SD_OK == status)
- {
- /* set data transfer mode */
- // status = sd_transfer_mode_config( SD_DMA_MODE );
- status = sd_transfer_mode_config( SD_POLLING_MODE );
- }
- return status;
- }
23.4.2 获取SD卡信息函数 获取SD卡信息的函数如下所示,card_info_get()。 - C
- void card_info_get(void)
- {
- uint8_t sd_spec, sd_spec3, sd_spec4, sd_security;
- uint32_t block_count, block_size;
- uint16_t temp_ccc;
- //printf("\r\n Card information:");
- sd_spec = (sd_scr[1] & 0x0F000000) >> 24;
- sd_spec3 = (sd_scr[1] & 0x00008000) >> 15;
- sd_spec4 = (sd_scr[1] & 0x00000400) >> 10;
- if(2 == sd_spec)
- {
- if(1 == sd_spec3)
- {
- if(1 == sd_spec4)
- {
- // printf("\r\n## Card version 4.xx ##");
- }
- else
- {
- // printf("\r\n## Card version 3.0x ##");
- }
- }
- else
- {
- // printf("\r\n## Card version 2.00 ##");
- }
- }
- else if(1 == sd_spec)
- {
- // printf("\r\n## Card version 1.10 ##");
- }
- else if(0 == sd_spec)
- {
- // printf("\r\n## Card version 1.0x ##");
- }
-
- sd_security = (sd_scr[1] & 0x00700000) >> 20;
- if(2 == sd_security)
- {
- // printf("\r\n## SDSC card ##");
- }
- else if(3 == sd_security)
- {
- // printf("\r\n## SDHC card ##");
- }
- else if(4 == sd_security)
- {
- // printf("\r\n## SDXC card ##");
- }
-
- block_count = (sd_cardinfo.card_csd.c_size + 1)*1024;
- block_size = 512;
- // printf("\r\n## Device size is %dKB ##", sd_card_capacity_get());
- // printf("\r\n## Block size is %dB ##", block_size);
- // printf("\r\n## Block count is %d ##", block_count);
-
- if(sd_cardinfo.card_csd.read_bl_partial){
- // printf("\r\n## Partial blocks for read allowed ##" );
- }
- if(sd_cardinfo.card_csd.write_bl_partial){
- // printf("\r\n## Partial blocks for write allowed ##" );
- }
- temp_ccc = sd_cardinfo.card_csd.ccc;
- //printf("\r\n## CardCommandClasses is: %x ##", temp_ccc);
- if((SD_CCC_BLOCK_READ & temp_ccc) && (SD_CCC_BLOCK_WRITE & temp_ccc)){
- // printf("\r\n## Block operation supported ##");
- }
- if(SD_CCC_ERASE & temp_ccc){
- // printf("\r\n## Erase supported ##");
- }
- if(SD_CCC_WRITE_PROTECTION & temp_ccc){
- // printf("\r\n## Write protection supported ##");
- }
- if(SD_CCC_LOCK_CARD & temp_ccc){
- // printf("\r\n## Lock unlock supported ##");
- }
- if(SD_CCC_APPLICATION_SPECIFIC & temp_ccc){
- // printf("\r\n## Application specific supported ##");
- }
- if(SD_CCC_IO_MODE & temp_ccc){
- // printf("\r\n## I/O mode supported ##");
- }
- if(SD_CCC_SWITCH & temp_ccc){
- // printf("\r\n## Switch function supported ##");
- }
- }
23.4.3 SD卡数据块写入函数 SD卡数据块写入函数如下所示,通过该函数可实现SD卡数据块的数据写入。 - C
- sd_error_enum sd_block_write(uint32_t *pwritebuffer, uint32_t writeaddr, uint16_t blocksize)
- {
- /* initialize the variables */
- sd_error_enum status = SD_OK;
- uint8_t cardstate = 0;
- uint32_t count = 0, align = 0, datablksize = SDIO_DATABLOCKSIZE_1BYTE, *ptempbuff = pwritebuffer;
- uint32_t transbytes = 0, restwords = 0, response = 0;
- __IO uint32_t timeout = 0;
-
- if(NULL == pwritebuffer){
- status = SD_PARAMETER_INVALID;
- return status;
- }
-
- transerror = SD_OK;
- transend = 0;
- totalnumber_bytes = 0;
- /* clear all DSM configuration */
- sdio_data_config(0, 0, SDIO_DATABLOCKSIZE_1BYTE);
- sdio_data_transfer_config(SDIO_TRANSMODE_BLOCK, SDIO_TRANSDIRECTION_TOCARD);
- sdio_dsm_disable();
- sdio_dma_disable();
-
- /* check whether the card is locked */
- if(sdio_response_get(SDIO_RESPONSE0) & SD_CARDSTATE_LOCKED){
- status = SD_LOCK_UNLOCK_FAILED;
- return status;
- }
-
- /* blocksize is fixed in 512B for SDHC card */
- if(SDIO_HIGH_CAPACITY_SD_CARD == cardtype){
- blocksize = 512;
- writeaddr /= 512;
- }
-
- align = blocksize & (blocksize - 1);
- if((blocksize > 0) && (blocksize <= 2048) && (0 == align)){
- datablksize = sd_datablocksize_get(blocksize);
- /* send CMD16(SET_BLOCKLEN) to set the block length */
- sdio_command_response_config(SD_CMD_SET_BLOCKLEN, (uint32_t)blocksize, SDIO_RESPONSETYPE_SHORT);
- sdio_wait_type_set(SDIO_WAITTYPE_NO);
- sdio_csm_enable();
-
- /* check if some error occurs */
- status = r1_error_check(SD_CMD_SET_BLOCKLEN);
- if(SD_OK != status){
- return status;
- }
- }else{
- status = SD_PARAMETER_INVALID;
- return status;
- }
-
- /* send CMD13(SEND_STATUS), addressed card sends its status registers */
- sdio_command_response_config(SD_CMD_SEND_STATUS, (uint32_t)sd_rca << SD_RCA_SHIFT, SDIO_RESPONSETYPE_SHORT);
- sdio_wait_type_set(SDIO_WAITTYPE_NO);
- sdio_csm_enable();
- /* check if some error occurs */
- status = r1_error_check(SD_CMD_SEND_STATUS);
- if(SD_OK != status){
- return status;
- }
-
- response = sdio_response_get(SDIO_RESPONSE0);
- timeout = 100000;
- while((0 == (response & SD_R1_READY_FOR_DATA)) && (timeout > 0)){
- /* continue to send CMD13 to polling the state of card until buffer empty or timeout */
- --timeout;
- /* send CMD13(SEND_STATUS), addressed card sends its status registers */
- sdio_command_response_config(SD_CMD_SEND_STATUS, (uint32_t)sd_rca << SD_RCA_SHIFT, SDIO_RESPONSETYPE_SHORT);
- sdio_wait_type_set(SDIO_WAITTYPE_NO);
- sdio_csm_enable();
- /* check if some error occurs */
- status = r1_error_check(SD_CMD_SEND_STATUS);
- if(SD_OK != status){
- return status;
- }
- response = sdio_response_get(SDIO_RESPONSE0);
- }
- if(0 == timeout){
- return SD_ERROR;
- }
-
- /* send CMD24(WRITE_BLOCK) to write a block */
- sdio_command_response_config(SD_CMD_WRITE_BLOCK, writeaddr, SDIO_RESPONSETYPE_SHORT);
- sdio_wait_type_set(SDIO_WAITTYPE_NO);
- sdio_csm_enable();
- /* check if some error occurs */
- status = r1_error_check(SD_CMD_WRITE_BLOCK);
- if(SD_OK != status){
- return status;
- }
-
- stopcondition = 0;
- totalnumber_bytes = blocksize;
-
- /* configure the SDIO data transmission */
- sdio_data_config(SD_DATATIMEOUT, totalnumber_bytes, datablksize);
- sdio_data_transfer_config(SDIO_TRANSMODE_BLOCK, SDIO_TRANSDIRECTION_TOCARD);
- sdio_dsm_enable();
-
- if(SD_POLLING_MODE == transmode){
- /* polling mode */
- while(!sdio_flag_get(SDIO_FLAG_DTCRCERR | SDIO_FLAG_DTTMOUT | SDIO_FLAG_TXURE | SDIO_FLAG_DTBLKEND | SDIO_FLAG_STBITE)){
- if(RESET != sdio_flag_get(SDIO_FLAG_TFH)){
- /* at least 8 words can be written into the FIFO */
- if((totalnumber_bytes - transbytes) < SD_FIFOHALF_BYTES){
- restwords = (totalnumber_bytes - transbytes)/4 + (((totalnumber_bytes - transbytes)%4 == 0) ? 0 : 1);
- for(count = 0; count < restwords; count++){
- sdio_data_write(*ptempbuff);
- ++ptempbuff;
- transbytes += 4;
- }
- }else{
- for(count = 0; count < SD_FIFOHALF_WORDS; count++){
- sdio_data_write(*(ptempbuff + count));
- }
- /* 8 words(32 bytes) has been transferred */
- ptempbuff += SD_FIFOHALF_WORDS;
- transbytes += SD_FIFOHALF_BYTES;
- }
- }
- }
-
- /* whether some error occurs and return it */
- if(RESET != sdio_flag_get(SDIO_FLAG_DTCRCERR)){
- status = SD_DATA_CRC_ERROR;
- sdio_flag_clear(SDIO_FLAG_DTCRCERR);
- return status;
- }else if(RESET != sdio_flag_get(SDIO_FLAG_DTTMOUT)){
- status = SD_DATA_TIMEOUT;
- sdio_flag_clear(SDIO_FLAG_DTTMOUT);
- return status;
- }else if(RESET != sdio_flag_get(SDIO_FLAG_TXURE)){
- status = SD_TX_UNDERRUN_ERROR;
- sdio_flag_clear(SDIO_FLAG_TXURE);
- return status;
- }else if(RESET != sdio_flag_get(SDIO_FLAG_STBITE)){
- status = SD_START_BIT_ERROR;
- sdio_flag_clear(SDIO_FLAG_STBITE);
- return status;
- }
- }else if(SD_DMA_MODE == transmode){
- /* DMA mode */
- /* enable the SDIO corresponding interrupts and DMA */
- sdio_interrupt_enable(SDIO_INT_DTCRCERR | SDIO_INT_DTTMOUT | SDIO_INT_TXURE | SDIO_INT_DTEND | SDIO_INT_STBITE);
- dma_transfer_config(pwritebuffer, blocksize);
- sdio_dma_enable();
-
- timeout = 100000;
- while((RESET == dma_flag_get(DMA1, DMA_CH3, DMA_FLAG_FTF)) && (timeout > 0)){
- timeout--;
- if(0 == timeout){
- return SD_ERROR;
- }
- }
- while ((0 == transend) && (SD_OK == transerror)){
- }
- if(SD_OK != transerror){
- return transerror;
- }
- }else{
- status = SD_PARAMETER_INVALID;
- return status;
- }
-
- /* clear the SDIO_INTC flags */
- sdio_flag_clear(SDIO_MASK_INTC_FLAGS);
- /* get the card state and wait the card is out of programming and receiving state */
- status = sd_card_state_get(&cardstate);
- while((SD_OK == status) && ((SD_CARDSTATE_PROGRAMMING == cardstate) || (SD_CARDSTATE_RECEIVING == cardstate))){
- status = sd_card_state_get(&cardstate);
- }
- return status;
- }
23.4.4 SD卡数据块读取函数 SD卡数据块读取函数如下所示。 - C
- sd_error_enum sd_block_read(uint32_t *preadbuffer, uint32_t readaddr, uint16_t blocksize)
- {
- /* initialize the variables */
- sd_error_enum status = SD_OK;
- uint32_t count = 0, align = 0, datablksize = SDIO_DATABLOCKSIZE_1BYTE, *ptempbuff = preadbuffer;
- __IO uint32_t timeout = 0;
-
- if(NULL == preadbuffer){
- status = SD_PARAMETER_INVALID;
- return status;
- }
-
- transerror = SD_OK;
- transend = 0;
- totalnumber_bytes = 0;
- /* clear all DSM configuration */
- sdio_data_config(0, 0, SDIO_DATABLOCKSIZE_1BYTE);
- sdio_data_transfer_config(SDIO_TRANSMODE_BLOCK, SDIO_TRANSDIRECTION_TOCARD);
- sdio_dsm_disable();
- sdio_dma_disable();
-
- /* check whether the card is locked */
- if(sdio_response_get(SDIO_RESPONSE0) & SD_CARDSTATE_LOCKED){
- status = SD_LOCK_UNLOCK_FAILED;
- return status;
- }
-
- /* blocksize is fixed in 512B for SDHC card */
- if(SDIO_HIGH_CAPACITY_SD_CARD == cardtype){
- blocksize = 512;
- readaddr /= 512;
- }
-
- align = blocksize & (blocksize - 1);
- if((blocksize > 0) && (blocksize <= 2048) && (0 == align)){
- datablksize = sd_datablocksize_get(blocksize);
- /* send CMD16(SET_BLOCKLEN) to set the block length */
- sdio_command_response_config(SD_CMD_SET_BLOCKLEN, (uint32_t)blocksize, SDIO_RESPONSETYPE_SHORT);
- sdio_wait_type_set(SDIO_WAITTYPE_NO);
- sdio_csm_enable();
-
- /* check if some error occurs */
- status = r1_error_check(SD_CMD_SET_BLOCKLEN);
- if(SD_OK != status){
- return status;
- }
- }else{
- status = SD_PARAMETER_INVALID;
- return status;
- }
-
- stopcondition = 0;
- totalnumber_bytes = blocksize;
-
- /* configure SDIO data transmission */
- sdio_data_config(SD_DATATIMEOUT, totalnumber_bytes, datablksize);
- sdio_data_transfer_config(SDIO_TRANSMODE_BLOCK, SDIO_TRANSDIRECTION_TOSDIO);
- sdio_dsm_enable();
-
- /* send CMD17(READ_SINGLE_BLOCK) to read a block */
- sdio_command_response_config(SD_CMD_READ_SINGLE_BLOCK, (uint32_t)readaddr, SDIO_RESPONSETYPE_SHORT);
- sdio_wait_type_set(SDIO_WAITTYPE_NO);
- sdio_csm_enable();
- /* check if some error occurs */
- status = r1_error_check(SD_CMD_READ_SINGLE_BLOCK);
- if(SD_OK != status){
- return status;
- }
-
- if(SD_POLLING_MODE == transmode){
- /* polling mode */
- while(!sdio_flag_get(SDIO_FLAG_DTCRCERR | SDIO_FLAG_DTTMOUT | SDIO_FLAG_RXORE | SDIO_FLAG_DTBLKEND | SDIO_FLAG_STBITE)){
- if(RESET != sdio_flag_get(SDIO_FLAG_RFH)){
- /* at least 8 words can be read in the FIFO */
- for(count = 0; count < SD_FIFOHALF_WORDS; count++){
- *(ptempbuff + count) = sdio_data_read();
- }
- ptempbuff += SD_FIFOHALF_WORDS;
- }
- }
-
- /* whether some error occurs and return it */
- if(RESET != sdio_flag_get(SDIO_FLAG_DTCRCERR)){
- status = SD_DATA_CRC_ERROR;
- sdio_flag_clear(SDIO_FLAG_DTCRCERR);
- return status;
- }else if(RESET != sdio_flag_get(SDIO_FLAG_DTTMOUT)){
- status = SD_DATA_TIMEOUT;
- sdio_flag_clear(SDIO_FLAG_DTTMOUT);
- return status;
- }else if(RESET != sdio_flag_get(SDIO_FLAG_RXORE)){
- status = SD_RX_OVERRUN_ERROR;
- sdio_flag_clear(SDIO_FLAG_RXORE);
- return status;
- }else if(RESET != sdio_flag_get(SDIO_FLAG_STBITE)){
- status = SD_START_BIT_ERROR;
- sdio_flag_clear(SDIO_FLAG_STBITE);
- return status;
- }
- while(RESET != sdio_flag_get(SDIO_FLAG_RXDTVAL)){
- *ptempbuff = sdio_data_read();
- ++ptempbuff;
- }
- /* clear the SDIO_INTC flags */
- sdio_flag_clear(SDIO_MASK_INTC_FLAGS);
- }else if(SD_DMA_MODE == transmode){
- /* DMA mode */
- /* enable the SDIO corresponding interrupts and DMA function */
- sdio_interrupt_enable(SDIO_INT_CCRCERR | SDIO_INT_DTTMOUT | SDIO_INT_RXORE | SDIO_INT_DTEND | SDIO_INT_STBITE);
- sdio_dma_enable();
- dma_receive_config(preadbuffer, blocksize);
- timeout = 100000;
- while((RESET == dma_flag_get(DMA1, DMA_CH3, DMA_FLAG_FTF)) && (timeout > 0)){
- timeout--;
- if(0 == timeout){
- return SD_ERROR;
- }
- }
- }else{
- status = SD_PARAMETER_INVALID;
- }
- return status;
- }
23.4.5 SD卡lock和unlock配置函数 SD卡lock和unlock配置函数如下所示。通过形参实现对SD卡的lock和unlock,若希望lock SD卡,lcokstate配置为SD_LOCK;若希望unlock SD卡,lockstate配置为SD_UNLOCK. - C
- sd_error_enum sd_lock_unlock(uint8_t lockstate)
- {
- sd_error_enum status = SD_OK;
- uint8_t cardstate = 0, tempbyte = 0;
- uint32_t pwd1 = 0, pwd2 = 0, response = 0;
- __IO uint32_t timeout = 0;
- uint16_t tempccc = 0;
-
- /* get the card command classes from CSD */
- tempbyte = (uint8_t)((sd_csd[1] & SD_MASK_24_31BITS) >> 24);
- tempccc = (uint16_t)((uint16_t)tempbyte << 4);
- tempbyte = (uint8_t)((sd_csd[1] & SD_MASK_16_23BITS) >> 16);
- tempccc |= (uint16_t)((uint16_t)(tempbyte & 0xF0) >> 4);
-
- if(0 == (tempccc & SD_CCC_LOCK_CARD)){
- /* don't support the lock command */
- status = SD_FUNCTION_UNSUPPORTED;
- return status;
- }
- /* password pattern */
- pwd1 = (0x01020600|lockstate);
- pwd2 = 0x03040506;
-
- /* clear all DSM configuration */
- sdio_data_config(0, 0, SDIO_DATABLOCKSIZE_1BYTE);
- sdio_data_transfer_config(SDIO_TRANSMODE_BLOCK, SDIO_TRANSDIRECTION_TOCARD);
- sdio_dsm_disable();
- sdio_dma_disable();
-
- /* send CMD16(SET_BLOCKLEN) to set the block length */
- sdio_command_response_config(SD_CMD_SET_BLOCKLEN, (uint32_t)8, SDIO_RESPONSETYPE_SHORT);
- sdio_wait_type_set(SDIO_WAITTYPE_NO);
- sdio_csm_enable();
- /* check if some error occurs */
- status = r1_error_check(SD_CMD_SET_BLOCKLEN);
- if(SD_OK != status){
- return status;
- }
-
- /* send CMD13(SEND_STATUS), addressed card sends its status register */
- sdio_command_response_config(SD_CMD_SEND_STATUS, (uint32_t)sd_rca << SD_RCA_SHIFT, SDIO_RESPONSETYPE_SHORT);
- sdio_wait_type_set(SDIO_WAITTYPE_NO);
- sdio_csm_enable();
- /* check if some error occurs */
- status = r1_error_check(SD_CMD_SEND_STATUS);
- if(SD_OK != status){
- return status;
- }
-
- response = sdio_response_get(SDIO_RESPONSE0);
- timeout = 100000;
- while((0 == (response & SD_R1_READY_FOR_DATA)) && (timeout > 0)){
- /* continue to send CMD13 to polling the state of card until buffer empty or timeout */
- --timeout;
- /* send CMD13(SEND_STATUS), addressed card sends its status registers */
- sdio_command_response_config(SD_CMD_SEND_STATUS, (uint32_t)sd_rca << SD_RCA_SHIFT, SDIO_RESPONSETYPE_SHORT);
- sdio_wait_type_set(SDIO_WAITTYPE_NO);
- sdio_csm_enable();
- /* check if some error occurs */
- status = r1_error_check(SD_CMD_SEND_STATUS);
- if(SD_OK != status){
- return status;
- }
- response = sdio_response_get(SDIO_RESPONSE0);
- }
- if(0 == timeout){
- return SD_ERROR;
- }
-
- /* send CMD42(LOCK_UNLOCK) to set/reset the password or lock/unlock the card */
- sdio_command_response_config(SD_CMD_LOCK_UNLOCK, (uint32_t)0x0, SDIO_RESPONSETYPE_SHORT);
- sdio_wait_type_set(SDIO_WAITTYPE_NO);
- sdio_csm_enable();
- /* check if some error occurs */
- status = r1_error_check(SD_CMD_LOCK_UNLOCK);
- if(SD_OK != status){
- return status;
- }
-
- response = sdio_response_get(SDIO_RESPONSE0);
-
- /* configure the SDIO data transmission */
- sdio_data_config(SD_DATATIMEOUT, (uint32_t)8, SDIO_DATABLOCKSIZE_8BYTES);
- sdio_data_transfer_config(SDIO_TRANSMODE_BLOCK, SDIO_TRANSDIRECTION_TOCARD);
- sdio_dsm_enable();
-
- /* write password pattern */
- sdio_data_write(pwd1);
- sdio_data_write(pwd2);
-
- /* whether some error occurs and return it */
- if(RESET != sdio_flag_get(SDIO_FLAG_DTCRCERR)){
- status = SD_DATA_CRC_ERROR;
- sdio_flag_clear(SDIO_FLAG_DTCRCERR);
- return status;
- }else if(RESET != sdio_flag_get(SDIO_FLAG_DTTMOUT)){
- status = SD_DATA_TIMEOUT;
- sdio_flag_clear(SDIO_FLAG_DTTMOUT);
- return status;
- }else if(RESET != sdio_flag_get(SDIO_FLAG_TXURE)){
- status = SD_TX_UNDERRUN_ERROR;
- sdio_flag_clear(SDIO_FLAG_TXURE);
- return status;
- }else if(RESET != sdio_flag_get(SDIO_FLAG_STBITE)){
- status = SD_START_BIT_ERROR;
- sdio_flag_clear(SDIO_FLAG_STBITE);
- return status;
- }
-
- /* clear the SDIO_INTC flags */
- sdio_flag_clear(SDIO_MASK_INTC_FLAGS);
- /* get the card state and wait the card is out of programming and receiving state */
- status = sd_card_state_get(&cardstate);
- while((SD_OK == status) && ((SD_CARDSTATE_PROGRAMMING == cardstate) || (SD_CARDSTATE_RECEIVING == cardstate))){
- status = sd_card_state_get(&cardstate);
- }
- return status;
- }
23.4.6 SD卡erase擦除操作函数 SD卡擦除操作函数如下,其形参为擦除起始地址以及结束地址。 - C
- sd_error_enum sd_erase(uint32_t startaddr, uint32_t endaddr)
- {
- /* initialize the variables */
- sd_error_enum status = SD_OK;
- uint32_t count = 0, clkdiv = 0;
- __IO uint32_t delay = 0;
- uint8_t cardstate = 0, tempbyte = 0;
- uint16_t tempccc = 0;
-
- /* get the card command classes from CSD */
- tempbyte = (uint8_t)((sd_csd[1] & SD_MASK_24_31BITS) >> 24);
- tempccc = (uint16_t)((uint16_t)tempbyte << 4);
- tempbyte = (uint8_t)((sd_csd[1] & SD_MASK_16_23BITS) >> 16);
- tempccc |= (uint16_t)((uint16_t)(tempbyte & 0xF0) >> 4);
- if(0 == (tempccc & SD_CCC_ERASE)){
- /* don't support the erase command */
- status = SD_FUNCTION_UNSUPPORTED;
- return status;
- }
- clkdiv = (SDIO_CLKCTL & SDIO_CLKCTL_DIV);
- clkdiv += ((SDIO_CLKCTL & SDIO_CLKCTL_DIV8)>>31)*256;
- clkdiv += 2;
- delay = 120000 / clkdiv;
-
- /* check whether the card is locked */
- if (sdio_response_get(SDIO_RESPONSE0) & SD_CARDSTATE_LOCKED){
- status = SD_LOCK_UNLOCK_FAILED;
- return(status);
- }
-
- /* blocksize is fixed in 512B for SDHC card */
- if (SDIO_HIGH_CAPACITY_SD_CARD == cardtype){
- startaddr /= 512;
- endaddr /= 512;
- }
-
- if((SDIO_STD_CAPACITY_SD_CARD_V1_1 == cardtype) || (SDIO_STD_CAPACITY_SD_CARD_V2_0 == cardtype) ||
- (SDIO_HIGH_CAPACITY_SD_CARD == cardtype)){
- /* send CMD32(ERASE_WR_BLK_START) to set the address of the first write block to be erased */
- sdio_command_response_config(SD_CMD_ERASE_WR_BLK_START, startaddr, SDIO_RESPONSETYPE_SHORT);
- sdio_wait_type_set(SDIO_WAITTYPE_NO);
- sdio_csm_enable();
- /* check if some error occurs */
- status = r1_error_check(SD_CMD_ERASE_WR_BLK_START);
- if(SD_OK != status){
- return status;
- }
-
- /* send CMD33(ERASE_WR_BLK_END) to set the address of the last write block of the continuous range to be erased */
- sdio_command_response_config(SD_CMD_ERASE_WR_BLK_END, endaddr, SDIO_RESPONSETYPE_SHORT);
- sdio_wait_type_set(SDIO_WAITTYPE_NO);
- sdio_csm_enable();
- /* check if some error occurs */
- status = r1_error_check(SD_CMD_ERASE_WR_BLK_END);
- if(SD_OK != status){
- return status;
- }
- }
-
- /* send CMD38(ERASE) to set the address of the first write block to be erased */
- sdio_command_response_config(SD_CMD_ERASE, (uint32_t)0x0, SDIO_RESPONSETYPE_SHORT);
- sdio_wait_type_set(SDIO_WAITTYPE_NO);
- sdio_csm_enable();
- /* check if some error occurs */
- status = r1_error_check(SD_CMD_ERASE);
- if(SD_OK != status){
- return status;
- }
- /* loop until the counter is reach to the calculated time */
- for(count = 0; count < delay; count++){
- }
- /* get the card state and wait the card is out of programming and receiving state */
- status = sd_card_state_get(&cardstate);
- while((SD_OK == status) && ((SD_CARDSTATE_PROGRAMMING == cardstate) || (SD_CARDSTATE_RECEIVING == cardstate))){
- status = sd_card_state_get(&cardstate);
- }
- return status;
- }
23.4.7 主函数 SD卡主函数如下,可实现对SD卡的擦写读以及加锁解锁操作。 - C
- int main(void)
- {
- sd_error_enum sd_error;
- uint16_t i = 5;
- #ifdef DATA_PRINT
- uint8_t *pdata;
- #endif /* DATA_PRINT */
-
- /* configure the NVIC, USART and LED */
- nvic_config();
-
- bsp_uart_init(&BOARD_UART);
-
- /* initialize the card */
- do{
- sd_error = sd_io_init();
- }while((SD_OK != sd_error) && (--i));
-
- if(i){
- printf("\r\n Card init success!\r\n");
- }else{
- printf("\r\n Card init failed!\r\n");
- while (1){
- }
- }
-
- /* get the information of the card and print it out by USART */
- card_info_get();
-
- /* init the write buffer */
- for(i=0; i<512; i++){
- buf_write[i] = i;
- }
-
- printf("\r\n\r\n Card test:");
-
- /* single block operation test */
- sd_error = sd_block_write(buf_write, 100*512, 512);
- if(SD_OK != sd_error){
-
- printf("\r\n Block write fail!");
- while (1){
- }
- }else{
- printf("\r\n Block write success!");
- }
- sd_error = sd_block_read(buf_read, 100*512, 512);
- if(SD_OK != sd_error){
- printf("\r\n Block read fail!");
- while (1){
- }
- }else{
- //printf("\r\n Block read success!");
- #ifdef DATA_PRINT
- pdata = (uint8_t *)buf_read;
- /* print data by USART */
- printf("\r\n");
- for(i = 0; i < 128; i++){
- printf(" %3d %3d %3d %3d ", *pdata, *(pdata+1), *(pdata+2), *(pdata+3));
- pdata += 4;
- if(0 == (i + 1) % 4){
- printf("\r\n");
- }
- }
- #endif /* DATA_PRINT */
- }
-
- /* lock and unlock operation test */
- if(SD_CCC_LOCK_CARD & sd_cardinfo.card_csd.ccc){
- /* lock the card */
- sd_error = sd_lock_unlock(SD_LOCK);
- if(SD_OK != sd_error){
- printf("\r\n Lock failed!");
- while (1){
- }
- }else{
- printf("\r\n The card is locked!");
- }
- sd_error = sd_erase(100*512, 101*512);
- if(SD_OK != sd_error){
- printf("\r\n Erase failed!");
- }else{
- __NOP();
- printf("\r\n Erase success!");
- }
-
- /* unlock the card */
- sd_error = sd_lock_unlock(SD_UNLOCK);
- if(SD_OK != sd_error){
- printf("\r\n Unlock failed!");
- while (1){
- }
- }else{
- printf("\r\n The card is unlocked!");
- }
- sd_error = sd_erase(100*512, 101*512);
- if(SD_OK != sd_error){
- printf("\r\n Erase failed!");
- }else{
- printf("\r\n Erase success!");
- }
-
- sd_error = sd_block_read(buf_read, 100*512, 512);
- if(SD_OK != sd_error){
- printf("\r\n Block read fail!");
- while (1){
- }
- }else{
- printf("\r\n Block read success!");
- #ifdef DATA_PRINT
- pdata = (uint8_t *)buf_read;
- /* print data by USART */
- printf("\r\n");
- for(i = 0; i < 128; i++){
- printf(" %3d %3d %3d %3d ", *pdata, *(pdata+1), *(pdata+2), *(pdata+3));
- pdata += 4;
- if(0 == (i + 1) % 4){
- printf("\r\n");
- }
- }
- #endif /* DATA_PRINT */
- }
- }
-
- /* multiple blocks operation test */
- sd_error = sd_multiblocks_write(buf_write, 200*512, 512, 3);
- if(SD_OK != sd_error){
- printf("\r\n Multiple block write fail!");
- while (1){
- }
- }else{
- printf("\r\n Multiple block write success!");
- }
- sd_error = sd_multiblocks_read(buf_read, 200*512, 512, 3);
- if(SD_OK != sd_error){
- printf("\r\n Multiple block read fail!");
- while (1){
- }
- }else{
- printf("\r\n Multiple block read success!");
- #ifdef DATA_PRINT
- pdata = (uint8_t *)buf_read;
- /* print data by USART */
- printf("\r\n");
- for(i = 0; i < 512; i++){
- printf(" %3d %3d %3d %3d ", *pdata, *(pdata+1), *(pdata+2), *(pdata+3));
- pdata += 4;
- if(0 == (i + 1) % 4){
- printf("\r\n");
- }
- }
- #endif /* DATA_PRINT */
- }
-
- while (1){
- }
- }
23.5 实验结果 将SD卡读写实验例程烧录到红枫派开发板中,并在卡槽中插入SD卡,打开对应串口复位芯片,将会观察到SD卡相关操作结果。
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