本帖最后由 强仔00001 于 2014-12-8 13:07 编辑
前几天拿到了一套飞思卡尔的开发套件,是万利电子出品的。做工很赞,很高大上。首先我从它的时钟系统入手。去官网下了个数据手册和参考手册下来。 主要是看数据手册的时钟模块。一看手册,真晕了,时钟系统好复杂。整个时钟系统由 MCG、OSC 和 RTC 几部分组成,此外还与 SIM 有关系,这是因为 SIM 控制了大多数模块的时钟门控。这个跟STM32也是类似的,要用到那个外设,先要把相应的时钟打开。 下面我自己用例程工程,配置了时钟,并且把总线时钟频率二分频输出到PTC3口上输出,如下图可以看出PTC3有个复用功能是时钟输出。
然后我从官网下载一些KL46 Demo板的源代码。然后就找到同一型号的芯片的例程。这个例程刚好满足的要求,用PTC3输出时钟,例程还有串口的程序,这部分用不到,我就注释了。我用了Keil v5.1的编译环境。大家注意的是从keil v5版本开始,芯片的支持包要用户选择下载。具体的方法如下:
把例程打开后:
我这里是用Jlink V8进行仿真和下载程序的,所以工程的配置还要设置一下才能用,方法如下:
成功仿真器连上板子的的仿真接口后会出现红框里的信息,仿真接口模式要选择SW模式。 接着就是配置flash
要想在PTC3口输出时钟还要做一下工作: 大家可以看到这里有个条件编译,要把这个参数填进去预定义方框才行,或者你可以直接将ENABLE_CLKOUT改为1,这样编译器就会编译这部分代码,在编译器预定义方框打开的步骤如图:
做完这些工作就可以编译工程和下载程序进行验证了: 主程序很简单,代码如下: - int main (void)
- {
- char ch;
-
- #ifdef CMSIS // If we are conforming to CMSIS, we need to call start here
- start();
- #endif
-
- printf("\n\rRunning the platinum project.\n\r");
- while(1)
- {
- //ch = in_char();
- //out_char(ch);
- }
- }
首先程序会执行start();进行一些系统的初始化。 我们来看看start();的内部吧: - void start(void)
- {
- /* Disable the watchdog timer */
- SIM_COPC = 0x00;
- #ifndef CMSIS // If conforming to CMSIS, we do not need to perform this code
- /* Copy any vector or data sections that need to be in RAM */
- common_startup();
- #endif
- /* Perform clock initialization, default UART initialization,
- * initializes clock out function, and enables the abort button
- */
- // common_startup();
- sysinit();
-
- printf("\n\r\n\r");
-
- /* Determine the last cause(s) of reset */
- outSRS();
-
- /* Determine specific Kinetis L Family device and revision */
- cpu_identify();
-
- #ifndef CMSIS // If conforming to CMSIS, we do not need to perform this code
- /* Jump to main process */
- main();
- /* No actions to perform after this so wait forever */
- while(1);
- #endif
- }
最重要的是sysinit();函数,因为这个是初始化系统时钟的。 源代码如下: - /********************************************************************/
- void sysinit (void)
- {
- /* Enable all of the port clocks. These have to be enabled to configure
- * pin muxing options, so most code will need all of these on anyway.
- */
- SIM_SCGC5 |= (SIM_SCGC5_PORTA_MASK
- | SIM_SCGC5_PORTB_MASK
- | SIM_SCGC5_PORTC_MASK
- | SIM_SCGC5_PORTD_MASK
- | SIM_SCGC5_PORTE_MASK );
-
- // Release hold with ACKISO: Only has an effect if recovering from VLLS1, VLLS2, or VLLS3
- // if ACKISO is set you must clear ackiso before calling pll_init
- // or pll init hangs waiting for OSC to initialize
- // if osc enabled in low power modes - enable it first before ack
- // if I/O needs to be maintained without glitches enable outputs and modules first before ack.
- if (PMC_REGSC & PMC_REGSC_ACKISO_MASK)
- PMC_REGSC |= PMC_REGSC_ACKISO_MASK;
-
- #ifdef ENABLE_CLKOUT
- // Initialize trace clk functionality
- clk_out_init();
- #endif
- #if defined(NO_PLL_INIT)
- mcg_clk_hz = 21000000; //FEI mode
-
- SIM_SOPT2 &= ~SIM_SOPT2_PLLFLLSEL_MASK; // clear PLLFLLSEL to select the FLL for this clock source
-
- uart0_clk_khz = (mcg_clk_hz / 1000); // the uart0 clock frequency will equal the FLL frequency
-
- #else
- /* Ramp up the system clock */
- /* Set the system dividers */
- /* NOTE: The PLL init will not configure the system clock dividers,
- * so they must be configured appropriately before calling the PLL
- * init function to ensure that clocks remain in valid ranges.
- */
- SIM_CLKDIV1 = ( 0
- | SIM_CLKDIV1_OUTDIV1(0)
- | SIM_CLKDIV1_OUTDIV4(1) );
-
- /* Initialize PLL */
- /* PLL will be the source for MCG CLKOUT so the core, system, and flash clocks are derived from it */
- mcg_clk_hz = pll_init(CLK0_FREQ_HZ, /* CLKIN0 frequency */
- LOW_POWER, /* Set the oscillator for low power mode */
- CLK0_TYPE, /* Crystal or canned oscillator clock input */
- PLL0_PRDIV, /* PLL predivider value */
- PLL0_VDIV, /* PLL multiplier */
- MCGOUT); /* Use the output from this PLL as the MCGOUT */
- /* Check the value returned from pll_init() to make sure there wasn't an error */
- if (mcg_clk_hz < 0x100)
- while(1);
-
- SIM_SOPT2 |= SIM_SOPT2_PLLFLLSEL_MASK; // set PLLFLLSEL to select the PLL for this clock source
-
- uart0_clk_khz = ((mcg_clk_hz / 2) / 1000); // UART0 clock frequency will equal half the PLL frequency
- #endif
- /*
- * Use the value obtained from the pll_init function to define variables
- * for the core clock in kHz and also the peripheral clock. These
- * variables can be used by other functions that need awareness of the
- * system frequency.
- */
- mcg_clk_khz = mcg_clk_hz / 1000;
- core_clk_khz = mcg_clk_khz / (((SIM_CLKDIV1 & SIM_CLKDIV1_OUTDIV1_MASK) >> 28)+ 1);
- periph_clk_khz = core_clk_khz / (((SIM_CLKDIV1 & SIM_CLKDIV1_OUTDIV4_MASK) >> 16)+ 1);
-
- /* Enable pin interrupt for the abort button - PTA4 */
- /* This pin could also be used as the NMI interrupt, but since the NMI
- * is level sensitive each button press will cause multiple interrupts.
- * Using the GPIO interrupt instead means we can configure for an edge
- * sensitive interrupt instead = one interrupt per button press.
- */
- enable_abort_button();
-
-
- if (TERM_PORT_NUM == 0)
- {
- /* Enable the pins for the selected UART */
- #ifdef FREEDOM
- /* Enable the UART_TXD function on PTA1 */
- PORTA_PCR1 = PORT_PCR_MUX(0x2);
-
- /* Enable the UART_TXD function on PTA2 */
- PORTA_PCR2 = PORT_PCR_MUX(0x2);
- #endif
- #ifdef BACES
- /* Enable the UART_TXD function on PTA1 */
- PORTA_PCR1 = PORT_PCR_MUX(0x2);
-
- /* Enable the UART_TXD function on PTA2 */
- PORTA_PCR2 = PORT_PCR_MUX(0x2);
- #endif
-
- #ifdef FIREBIRD
- /* Enable the UART_TXD function on PTA1 */
- PORTA_PCR1 = PORT_PCR_MUX(0x2);
-
- /* Enable the UART_TXD function on PTA2 */
- PORTA_PCR2 = PORT_PCR_MUX(0x2);
- #endif
-
- #ifdef TOWER
-
- /* Enable the UART_TXD function on PTA14 */
- PORTA_PCR14 = PORT_PCR_MUX(0x3); // UART0 is alt3 function for this pin
-
- /* Enable the UART_RXD function on PTA15 */
- PORTA_PCR15 = PORT_PCR_MUX(0x3); // UART0 is alt3 function for this pin
- #endif
-
-
-
- SIM_SOPT2 |= SIM_SOPT2_UART0SRC(1); // select the PLLFLLCLK as UART0 clock source
- }
- if (TERM_PORT_NUM == 1)
- {
- /* Enable the UART_TXD function on PTC4 */
- PORTC_PCR4 = PORT_PCR_MUX(0x3); // UART1 is alt3 function for this pin
-
- /* Enable the UART_RXD function on PTC3 */
- PORTC_PCR3 = PORT_PCR_MUX(0x3); // UART1 is alt3 function for this pin
- }
-
- if (TERM_PORT_NUM == 2)
- {
- /* Enable the UART_TXD function on PTD3 */
- PORTE_PCR16 = PORT_PCR_MUX(0x3); // UART2 is alt3 function for this pin
-
- /* Enable the UART_RXD function on PTD2 */
- PORTE_PCR17 = PORT_PCR_MUX(0x3); // UART2 is alt3 function for this pin
- }
-
- /* UART0 is clocked asynchronously to the core clock, but all other UARTs are
- * clocked from the peripheral clock. So we have to determine which clock
- * to send to the UART_init function.
- */
- if (TERM_PORT_NUM == 0)
- uart0_init (UART0_BASE_PTR, uart0_clk_khz, TERMINAL_BAUD);
- else if (TERM_PORT_NUM == 1)
- uart_init (UART1_BASE_PTR, periph_clk_khz, TERMINAL_BAUD);
- else if (TERM_PORT_NUM == 2)
- uart_init (UART2_BASE_PTR, periph_clk_khz, TERMINAL_BAUD);
- else
- while(1);
- }
好长的代码;P。
不过它的流程都跟其他的MCU大同小异。
首先关闭看门狗。
然后打开这里是打开所有GPIO的时钟,这些打开外设的时钟寄存器手册上也有说明,如下图:
然后程序主要的部分是PLL配置了: - /* Initialize PLL */
- /* PLL will be the source for MCG CLKOUT so the core, system, and flash clocks are derived from it */
- mcg_clk_hz = pll_init(CLK0_FREQ_HZ, /* CLKIN0 frequency */
- LOW_POWER, /* Set the oscillator for low power mode */
- CLK0_TYPE, /* Crystal or canned oscillator clock input */
- PLL0_PRDIV, /* PLL predivider value */
- PLL0_VDIV, /* PLL multiplier */
- MCGOUT); /* Use the output from this PLL as the MCGOUT */
- /* Check the value returned from pll_init() to make sure there wasn't an error */
- if (mcg_clk_hz < 0x100)
- while(1);
-
- SIM_SOPT2 |= SIM_SOPT2_PLLFLLSEL_MASK; // set PLLFLLSEL to select the PLL for this clock source
填进去pll_init函数里的几个参数,是可以改的,可以找到相应的头文件修改。 这里他的一些PLL参数如下图:
这个参数把时钟设到最大48M,这里用户可以根据自己的需求来修改。 剩下的就是其他功能模块的初始化了。 现在就下载程序下去进行验证了,下面附上测试图:
补上高大上的板板靓照
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