7.关闭串口
串口作为文件来处理，所以一般的关闭文件函数即可：
close(fd);
8.目录
c_cflag用于设置控制参数，除了波特率外还包含以下内容：
EXTA External rate clock
EXTB External rate clock
CSIZE Bit mask for data bits
CS5 5个数据位
CS6 6个数据位
CS7 7个数据位
CS8 8个数据位
CSTOPB 2个停止位（清除该标志表示1个停止位
PARENB 允许校验位
PARODD 使用奇校验（清除该标志表示使用偶校验）
CREAD Enable receiver
HUPCL Hangup (drop DTR) on last close
CLOCAL Local line – do not change “owner” of port
LOBLK Block job control outpu
c_cflag标志可以定义CLOCAL和CREAD，这将确保该程序不被其他端口控制和信号干扰，同时串口驱动将读取进入的数据。CLOCAL和CREAD通常总是被是能的。
c_lflag用于设置本地模式，决定串口驱动如何处理输入字符，设置内容如下：
ISIG Enable SIGINTR, SIGSUSP, SIGDSUSP, and SIGQUIT signals
ICANON Enable canonical input (else raw)
XCASE Map uppercase \lowercase (obsolete)
ECHO Enable echoing of input characters
ECHOE Echo erase character as BS-SP-BS
ECHOK Echo NL after kill character
ECHONL Echo NL
NOFLSH Disable flushing of input buffers after interrupt or quit characters
IEXTEN Enable extended functions
ECHOCTL Echo control characters as ^char and delete as ~?
ECHOPRT Echo erased character as character erased
ECHOKE BS-SP-BS entire line on line kill
FLUSHO Output being flushed
PENDIN Retype pending input at next read or input char
TOSTOP Send SIGTTOU for background output
c_iflag用于设置如何处理串口上接收到的数据，包含如下内容：
INPCK Enable parity check
IGNPAR Ignore parity errors
PARMRK Mark parity errors
ISTRIP Strip parity bits
IXON Enable software flow control (outgoing)
IXOFF Enable software flow control (incoming)
IXANY Allow any character to start flow again
IGNBRK Ignore break condition
BRKINT Send a SIGINT when a break condition is detected
INLCR Map NL to CR
IGNCR Ignore CR
ICRNL Map CR to NL
IUCLC Map uppercase to lowercase
IMAXBEL Echo BEL on input line too long
c_oflag用于设置如何处理输出数据，包含如下内容：
OPOST Postprocess output (not set = raw output)
OLCUC Map lowercase to uppercase
ONLCR Map NL to CR-NL
OCRNL Map CR to NL
NOCR No CR output at column 0
ONLRET NL performs CR function
OFILL Use fill characters for delay
OFDEL Fill character is DEL
NLDLY Mask for delay time needed between lines
NL0 No delay for NLs
NL1 Delay further output after newline for 100 milliseconds
CRDLY Mask for delay time needed to return carriage to left column
CR0 No delay for CRs
CR1 Delay after CRs depending on current column position
CR2 Delay 100 milliseconds after sending CRs
CR3 Delay 150 milliseconds after sending CRs
TABDLY Mask for delay time needed after TABs
TAB0 No delay for TABs
TAB1 Delay after TABs depending on current column position
TAB2 Delay 100 milliseconds after sending TABs
TAB3 Expand TAB characters to spaces
BSDLY Mask for delay time needed after BSs
BS0 No delay for BSs
BS1 Delay 50 milliseconds after sending BSs
VTDLY Mask for delay time needed after VTs
VT0 No delay for VTs
VT1 Delay 2 seconds after sending VTs
FFDLY Mask for delay time needed after FFs
FF0 No delay for FFs
FF1 Delay 2 seconds after sending FFs
c_cc定义了控制字符，包含以下内容：
VINTR Interrupt CTRL-C
VQUIT Quit CTRL-Z
VERASE Erase Backspace (BS)
VKILL Kill-line CTRL-U
VEOF End-of-file CTRL-D
VEOL End-of-line Carriage return (CR)
VEOL2 Second end-of-line Line feed (LF)
VMIN Minimum number of characters to read
VSTART Start flow CTRL-Q (XON)
VSTOP Stop flow CTRL-S (XOFF)
VTIME Time to wait for data (tenths of seconds)
注意：控制符VTIME和VMIN之间有复杂的关系。VTIME定义要求等待的时间（百毫米，通常是unsigned char变量），而VMIN定义了要求等待的最小字节数（相比之下，read函数的第三个参数指定了要求读的最大字节数）。
如果VTIME=0，VMIN=要求等待读取的最小字节数，read必须在读取了VMIN个字节的数据或者收到一个信号才会返回。
如果VTIME=时间量，VMIN=0，不管能否读取到数据，read也要等待VTIME的时间量。
如果VTIME=时间量，VMIN=要求等待读取的最小字节数，那么将从read读取第一个字节的数据时开始计时，并会在读取到VMIN个字节或者VTIME时间后返回。
如果VTIME=0，VMIN=0，不管能否读取到数据，read都会立即返回。
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