STM32F429 使用 TCS34725 颜色传感器的驱动程序
用到了 TCS34725 颜色传感器，网上百度一圈都没有发现驱动程序，自己照着 Arduino 的程序和数据手册写了下，记录一下 (～￣▽￣)～第一步，先来看看数据手册，了解到 TCS34725 是 I²C 器件，那就好办了，根据以前写的 I²C 驱动改一改就好啦 b(￣▽￣)d（具体代码贴在后边）。Communication of the TCS3472 data is accomplished over a fast, up to 400 kHz, two-wire I²C serial bus. The industry standard I²C bus facilitates easy, direct connection to microcontrollers and embedded processors.然后干嘛嘞？当然是找器件地址和寄存器地址啦，继续翻手册…(⊙＿⊙；)…
找到 TCS34725 地址为 0x29 ，各个寄存器的地址如下：
到这里，发现这货不仅器件地址是奇数，而且还有个没有地址的 COMMAND 寄存器，嗯，隐隐感觉肯定有个坑在这里 ヾ(。￣□￣)ﾂ゜゜゜
接下来就可以着手写程序啦 (o゜▽゜)o☆ 首先定义一下用到的引脚：
/*********************************
*TCS34725相关宏定义
*********************************/
#define TCS_SDA_PIN_NUM 0
#define TCS_SDA_PIN GPIO_PIN_0
#define TCS_SDA_GPIO GPIOI
#define TCS_SCL_PIN GPIO_PIN_1
#define TCS_SCL_GPIO GPIOI 然后把之前写的 I²C 驱动程序粘过来改一下(＾－＾)V
//IO方向设置
#define TCS_SDA_DIR_IN()
{TCS_SDA_GPIO->MODER&=~(3<<(TCS_SDA_PIN_NUM*2));TCS_SDA_GPIO>MODER|=0<<TCS_SDA_PIN_NUM*2;}//输入模式
#define TCS_SDA_DIR_OUT()
{TCS_SDA_GPIO->MODER&=~(3<<(TCS_SDA_PIN_NUM*2));TCS_SDA_GPIO>MODER|=1<<TCS_SDA_PIN_NUM*2;}//输出模式
#define TCS_SDA_READ HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(TCS_SDA_GPIO, TCS_SDA_PIN)
#define TCS_SDA_SET HAL_GPIO_WritePin(TCS_SDA_GPIO, TCS_SDA_PIN, GPIO_PIN_SET)
#define TCS_SDA_RESET HAL_GPIO_WritePin(TCS_SDA_GPIO, TCS_SDA_PIN, GPIO_PIN_RESET)
#define TCS_SCL_SET HAL_GPIO_WritePin(TCS_SCL_GPIO, TCS_SCL_PIN, GPIO_PIN_SET)
#define TCS_SCL_RESET HAL_GPIO_WritePin(TCS_SCL_GPIO, TCS_SCL_PIN, GPIO_PIN_RESET)
//TCS34725 I2C初始化
void TCS34725_I2C_Init(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_Initure;
__HAL_RCC_GPIOI_CLK_ENABLE(); //使能GPIOI时钟
GPIO_Initure.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;//推挽输出
GPIO_Initure.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP; //上拉
GPIO_Initure.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FAST; //快速
GPIO_Initure.Pin = TCS_SDA_PIN;
HAL_GPIO_Init(TCS_SDA_GPIO, &GPIO_Initure);
GPIO_Initure.Pin = TCS_SCL_PIN;
HAL_GPIO_Init(TCS_SCL_GPIO, &GPIO_Initure);
TCS_SDA_SET;
TCS_SCL_SET;
delay_ms(10);
}
//产生I2C起始信号
void TCS34725_I2C_Start()
{
TCS_SDA_DIR_OUT();//sda线输出
TCS_SDA_SET;
TCS_SCL_SET;
delay_us(4);
TCS_SDA_RESET;//START:when CLK is high,DATA change form high to low
delay_us(4);
TCS_SCL_RESET;//钳住I2C总线，准备发送或接收数据
}
//产生I2C停止信号
void TCS34725_I2C_Stop()
{
TCS_SDA_DIR_OUT();//sda线输出
TCS_SCL_RESET;
TCS_SDA_RESET;//STOP:when CLK is high DATA change form low to high
delay_us(4);
TCS_SCL_SET;
TCS_SDA_SET;//发送I2C总线结束信号
delay_us(4);
}
//等待应答信号到来
//返回值：1，接收应答失败
// 0，接收应答成功
uint8_t TCS34725_I2C_Wait_ACK()
{
uint8_t timeOut = 0;
TCS_SDA_DIR_IN();//SDA设置为输入
TCS_SDA_SET; delay_us(1);
TCS_SCL_SET; delay_us(1);
while(TCS_SDA_READ)
{
timeOut++;
if(timeOut > 250)
{
TCS34725_I2C_Stop();
return 1;
}
}
TCS_SCL_RESET;//时钟输出0
return 0;
}
//产生ACK应答
void TCS34725_I2C_ACK()
{
TCS_SCL_RESET;
TCS_SDA_DIR_OUT();//sda线输出
TCS_SDA_RESET;
delay_us(2);
TCS_SCL_SET;
delay_us(2);
TCS_SCL_RESET;
}
//不产生ACK应答
void TCS34725_I2C_NACK()
{
TCS_SCL_RESET;
TCS_SDA_DIR_OUT();//sda线输出
TCS_SDA_SET;
delay_us(2);
TCS_SCL_SET;
delay_us(2);
TCS_SCL_RESET;
}
//I2C发送一个字节
void TCS34725_I2C_Send_Byte(uint8_t byte)
{
uint8_t i = 0;
TCS_SDA_DIR_OUT();//sda线输出
TCS_SCL_RESET;//拉低时钟开始数据传输
for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
((byte & 0x80) >> 7) == 0x01 ? TCS_SDA_SET : TCS_SDA_RESET;
byte <<= 1;
delay_us(2);
TCS_SCL_SET;
delay_us(2);
TCS_SCL_RESET;
delay_us(2);
}
}
//读1个字节，ack=1时，发送ACK，ack=0，发送nACK
uint8_t TCS34725_I2C_Read_Byte(uint8_t ack)
{
uint8_t i,receive = 0;
TCS_SDA_DIR_IN();
for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
TCS_SCL_RESET;
delay_us(2);
TCS_SCL_SET;
receive <<= 1;
if(TCS_SDA_READ) receive++;
delay_us(1);
}
if (!ack) TCS34725_I2C_NACK();//发送nACK
else TCS34725_I2C_ACK(); //发送ACK
return receive;
} OK，以上就是最基本 I²C 的驱动程序，下边就到了第一个重点啦(～￣▽￣)～，也就是为毛这货的器件地址是个奇数，我们知道 I²C 的从机地址是 8 bit ，前 7 bit 是器件地址，最后 1 bit 代表是读操作（1）还是写操作（0），所以一般来说器件地址应该是偶数。但是，有的厂家给的地址是低 7 bit （例如这货），所以就会出现奇数的情况，这样就需要给它左移 1 bit 。
好了，地址的问题解决了，就可以写读操作和写操作的程序了
/***************************************************************************//**
* @brief Writes data to a slave device.
*
* @param slaveAddress - Adress of the slave device.
* @param dataBuffer - Pointer to a buffer storing the transmission data.
* @param bytesNumber - Number of bytes to write.
* @param stopBit - Stop condition control.
* Example: 0 - A stop condition will not be sent;
* 1 - A stop condition will be sent.
*******************************************************************************/ void TCS34725_I2C_Write(uint8_t slaveAddress,
uint8_t* dataBuffer,
uint8_t bytesNumber,
uint8_t stopBit)
{
unsigned char i = 0;
TCS34725_I2C_Start();
TCS34725_I2C_Send_Byte((slaveAddress << 1) | 0x00); //发送从机地址写命令
TCS34725_I2C_Wait_ACK();
for(i = 0; i < bytesNumber; i++)
{
TCS34725_I2C_Send_Byte(*(dataBuffer + i));
TCS34725_I2C_Wait_ACK();
}
if(stopBit == 1) TCS34725_I2C_Stop();
}
/***************************************************************************// /**
* @brief Reads data from a slave device.
*
* @param slaveAddress - Adress of the slave device.
* @param dataBuffer - Pointer to a buffer that will store the received data.
* @param bytesNumber - Number of bytes to read.
* @param stopBit - Stop condition control.
* Example: 0 - A stop condition will not be sent;
* 1 - A stop condition will be sent.
*******************************************************************************/ void TCS34725_I2C_Read(uint8_t slaveAddress,
uint8_t* dataBuffer,
uint8_t bytesNumber,
uint8_t stopBit)
{
unsigned char i = 0;
TCS34725_I2C_Start();
TCS34725_I2C_Send_Byte((slaveAddress << 1) | 0x01); //发送从机地址读命令
TCS34725_I2C_Wait_ACK();
for(i = 0; i < bytesNumber; i++)
{
if(i == bytesNumber - 1)
{
*(dataBuffer + i) = TCS34725_I2C_Read_Byte(0);//读取的最后一个字节发送NACK
}
else
{
*(dataBuffer + i) = TCS34725_I2C_Read_Byte(1);
}
}
if(stopBit == 1) TCS34725_I2C_Stop();
} 基本驱动通讯搞定，接下来就给跟它唠唠嗑儿了，先定义一下暗号 (๑≧∀≦๑) ，暗号摘自 Arduino 下的驱动程序文件。
#define TCS34725_ADDRESS (0x29)
#define TCS34725_COMMAND_BIT (0x80)
#define TCS34725_ENABLE (0x00)
#define TCS34725_ENABLE_AIEN (0x10) /* RGBC Interrupt Enable */
#define TCS34725_ENABLE_WEN (0x08) /* Wait enable - Writing 1 activates the wait timer */
#define TCS34725_ENABLE_AEN (0x02) /* RGBC Enable - Writing 1 actives the ADC, 0 disables it */
#define TCS34725_ENABLE_PON (0x01) /* Power on - Writing 1 activates the internal oscillator, 0 disables it */
#define TCS34725_ATIME (0x01) /* Integration time */
#define TCS34725_WTIME (0x03) /* Wait time (if TCS34725_ENABLE_WEN is asserted) */
#define TCS34725_WTIME_2_4MS (0xFF) /* WLONG0 = 2.4ms WLONG1 = 0.029s */
#define TCS34725_WTIME_204MS (0xAB) /* WLONG0 = 204ms WLONG1 = 2.45s*/
#define TCS34725_WTIME_614MS (0x00) /* WLONG0 = 614ms WLONG1 = 7.4s */
#define TCS34725_AILTL (0x04) /* Clear channel lower interrupt threshold */
#define TCS34725_AILTH (0x05)
#define TCS34725_AIHTL (0x06) /* Clear channel upper interrupt threshold */
#define TCS34725_AIHTH (0x07)
#define TCS34725_PERS (0x0C) /* Persistence register - basic SW filtering mechanism for interrupts */
#define TCS34725_PERS_NONE (0b0000)/* Every RGBC cycle generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_1_CYCLE (0b0001)/* 1 clean channel value outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_2_CYCLE (0b0010)/* 2 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt*/
#define TCS34725_PERS_3_CYCLE (0b0011)/* 3 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt*/
#define TCS34725_PERS_5_CYCLE (0b0100)/* 5 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt*/
#define TCS34725_PERS_10_CYCLE (0b0101)/* 10 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_15_CYCLE (0b0110)/* 15 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_20_CYCLE (0b0111)/* 20 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_25_CYCLE (0b1000)/* 25 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_30_CYCLE (0b1001)/* 30 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_35_CYCLE (0b1010)/* 35 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_40_CYCLE (0b1011)/* 40 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_45_CYCLE (0b1100)/* 45 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_50_CYCLE (0b1101)/* 50 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_55_CYCLE (0b1110)/* 55 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_60_CYCLE (0b1111)/* 60 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_CONFIG (0x0D)
#define TCS34725_CONFIG_WLONG (0x02) /* Choose between short and long (12x) wait times via TCS34725_WTIME */
#define TCS34725_CONTROL (0x0F) /* Set the gain level for the sensor */
#define TCS34725_ID (0x12) /* 0x44 = TCS34721/TCS34725, 0x4D = TCS34723/TCS34727 */
#define TCS34725_STATUS (0x13)
#define TCS34725_STATUS_AINT (0x10) /* RGBC Clean channel interrupt */
#define TCS34725_STATUS_AVALID (0x01) /* Indicates that the RGBC channels have completed an integration cycle */
#define TCS34725_CDATAL (0x14) /* Clear channel data */
#define TCS34725_CDATAH (0x15)
#define TCS34725_RDATAL (0x16) /* Red channel data */
#define TCS34725_RDATAH (0x17)
#define TCS34725_GDATAL (0x18) /* Green channel data */
#define TCS34725_GDATAH (0x19)
#define TCS34725_BDATAL (0x1A) /* Blue channel data */
#define TCS34725_BDATAH (0x1B)
#define TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_2_4MS 0xFF /**<2.4ms - 1 cycle - Max Count: 1024*/
#define TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_24MS 0xF6 /**<24ms- 10 cycles- Max Count: 10240 */
#define TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_50MS 0xEB /**<50ms- 20 cycles- Max Count: 20480 */
#define TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_101MS 0xD5 /**<101ms - 42 cycles- Max Count: 43008 */
#define TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_154MS 0xC0 /**<154ms - 64 cycles- Max Count: 65535 */
#define TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_240MS 0x9C /**<240ms - 100 cycles - Max Count: 65535 */
#define TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_700MS 0x00 /**<700ms - 256 cycles - Max Count: 65535 */
#define TCS34725_GAIN_1X 0x00 /**<No gain*/
#define TCS34725_GAIN_4X 0x01 /**<4x gain*/
#define TCS34725_GAIN_16X 0x02 /**<16x gain */
#define TCS34725_GAIN_60X 0x03 /**<60x gain */
发现其中有个 TCS34725_COMMAND_BIT ，而且发现 Arduino 代码中只要发送寄存器地址的地方都有它 (๑°ㅁ°๑)‼，此处必有蹊跷！翻开我们的葵花宝典，啊不，是数据手册，居然发现了这个！
宝典告诉我们，若要寻址，此 bit 必须置 1 ，也就是说我们在发送需要操作的寄存器地址时，必需要将 MSB 置为 1 。怪不得你丫儿没地址，原来哪都有你 (°ー°〃)
知道了这个就好办了，我们先封装一下基本的读写操作 知道了这个就好办了，我们先封装一下基本的读写操作
/***************************************************************************//**
* @brief Writes data into TCS34725 registers, starting from the selected
* register address pointer.
*
* @param subAddr - The selected register address pointer.
* @param dataBuffer - Pointer to a buffer storing the transmission data.
* @param bytesNumber - Number of bytes that will be sent.
*
* @return None.
*******************************************************************************/
void TCS34725_Write(unsigned char subAddr, unsigned char* dataBuffer, unsigned char bytesNumber)
{
unsigned char sendBuffer = {0, };
unsigned char byte = 0;
sendBuffer = subAddr | TCS34725_COMMAND_BIT;
for(byte = 1; byte <= bytesNumber; byte++)
{
sendBuffer = dataBuffer;
}
TCS34725_I2C_Write(TCS34725_ADDRESS, sendBuffer, bytesNumber + 1, 1);
}
/***************************************************************************//**
* @brief Reads data from TCS34725 registers, starting from the selected
* register address pointer.
*
* @param subAddr - The selected register address pointer.
* @param dataBuffer - Pointer to a buffer that will store the received data.
* @param bytesNumber - Number of bytes that will be read.
*
* @return None.
*******************************************************************************/
void TCS34725_Read(unsigned char subAddr, unsigned char* dataBuffer, unsigned char bytesNumber)
{
subAddr |= TCS34725_COMMAND_BIT;
TCS34725_I2C_Write(TCS34725_ADDRESS, (unsigned char*)&subAddr, 1, 0);
TCS34725_I2C_Read(TCS34725_ADDRESS, dataBuffer, bytesNumber, 1); 接下来就可以根据宝典里对各个寄存器的说明来编程了，我就写了我用到的几个功能 (๑・ิ-・ิ๑) ，各位看官有需要可以自己补充。废话不多说，上代码：
TCS34725 的 ID 是 0x44 可以根据这个来判断是否成功连接。
/***************************************************************************//**
* @brief TCS34725初始化
*
* @return ID - ID寄存器中的值
*******************************************************************************/
unsigned char TCS34725_Init(void)
{
unsigned char status = {0};
TCS34725_I2C_Init();
TCS34725_Read(TCS34725_ID, status, 1);
return status;
} 两个个主要设置，设置积分时间（ATIME 寄存器）和增益（CONTROL 寄存器）。这个直接和最后获取到的数据相关，积分时间越长，增益越大，最后获得值越大，需要根据实际应用情况进行设置。 积分时间的计算如下文所示：
The actual time can be calculated as follows:
ATIME = 256 − Integration Time / 2.4 ms
Inversely, the time can be calculated from the register value as follows:
Integration Time = 2.4 ms × (256 − ATIME)
For example, if a 100-ms integration time is needed, the device needs to be programmed to:
256 − (100 / 2.4) = 256 − 42 = 214 = 0xD6
Conversely, the programmed value of 0xC0 would correspond to:
(256 − 0xC0) × 2.4 = 64 × 2.4 = 154 ms.
/***************************************************************************//** * @brief TCS34725设置积分时间
*
* @return None
*******************************************************************************/
void TCS34725_SetIntegrationTime(uint8_t time)
{
unsigned char cmd = time;
TCS34725_Write(TCS34725_ATIME, &cmd, 1);
}
/***************************************************************************//**
* @brief TCS34725设置增益
*
* @return None
*******************************************************************************/
void TCS34725_SetGain(uint8_t gain)
{
unsigned char cmd = gain;
TCS34725_Write(TCS34725_CONTROL, &cmd, 1);
}
/***************************************************************************//**
* @brief TCS34725设置寄存器
*
* @return None
*******************************************************************************/
void TCS34725_Setup(void)
{
TCS34725_SetIntegrationTime(TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_240MS);
TCS34725_SetGain(TCS34725_GAIN_4X);
} 器件上电后默认是在睡觉（Sleep 模式），得踹一脚（Enable）才醒（Idle 模式），然后告诉它是等一会干活还是马上滚去干活
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