STM32F4 UDP组播通信：填一填ST官方HAL库的坑
先说写作本文的原因，由于开项目开发中需要用到UDP组播接收的功能，但是ST官方没有提供合适的参考，使用STM32CubeMX生成的代码也是不能直接使用的，而我在网上找了一大圈，也没有一个能够直接解决的方案，deepseek、ChatGPT给的方案也不能直接用，羡慕迷茫阶段。然而随着项目进度告急，我也只能硬着头皮摸着石头过河了，总结了大多数资料的观点，加上deepseek的帮助，最终找到了关键点，因此希望写一个记录文档，同时也给大家参考，若有高手也可以指点指点。开发环境
单片机型号是STM32F407VGT6，以太网控制器是LAN7820，软件版本如下
STM32CubeMX6.12.1
IAR 9.50.2
STM32Cube FW_F4 V1.28.1
使用STM32CubeMX生成代码
配置JTAG
配置以太网外设，选择RMII，打开以太网全局中断
打开串口1方便调试，添加DMA
启用LWIP
这里的关键是勾选右上角的Show Advance Parameters，然后使能LWIP_MULTICAST_TX_OPTONS (Multicast Tx support)
使能LWIP_IGMP (IGMP module)
PHY选择LAN8742，实际上使用的是LAN8720
设置PHY的复位引脚，默认输出为高
最后配置时钟
生成代码
关键代码
生成的代码是不能直接使用的，需要做一些关键修改，这里添加了组播初始化函数和回调函数
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
******************************************************************************
* @file : main.c
* @brief : Main program body
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2025 STMicroelectronics.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "dma.h"
#include "lwip.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include <string.h>
#include "lwip/udp.h"
#include "lwip/igmp.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes */
/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
/* USER CODE END PTD */
/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */
/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
/* USER CODE END PM */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
/* USER CODE END PV */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
/* USER CODE END PFP */
/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
// 定义组播地址和端口
u16_t multicast_port=8554;
uint8_t multicast_ip={226,0,0,80};
void multicast_receive_callback(void *arg, struct udp_pcb *pcb, struct pbuf *p, const ip_addr_t *addr, u16_t port) {
if (p != NULL) {
static uint8_t buff;
memcpy(buff, p->payload, p->len);
HAL_UART_Transmit_DMA(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&buff, p->len);
pbuf_free(p);
}
}
// 初始化MULTICAST接收协议控制块
void multicast_receive_init(void) {
struct udp_pcb *pcb;
ip4_addr_t ip;
IP4_ADDR(&ip, multicast_ip, multicast_ip, multicast_ip, multicast_ip);
igmp_joingroup(IP4_ADDR_ANY, &ip);
pcb = udp_new();
pcb->so_options |= SOF_REUSEADDR; // 允许地址重用
// pcb->mcast_ttl = 1; // 组播TTL（默认1，限制在本地网络）
if (pcb != NULL) {
udp_bind(pcb, IP4_ADDR_ANY, multicast_port);
udp_recv(pcb, multicast_receive_callback, NULL);
}
}
/* USER CODE END 0 */
/**
* @briefThe application entry point.
* @retval int
*/
int main(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
HAL_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
/* USER CODE END Init */
/* Configure the system clock */
SystemClock_Config();
/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
/* USER CODE END SysInit */
/* Initialize all configured peripherals */
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_DMA_Init();
MX_USART1_UART_Init();
MX_LWIP_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
multicast_receive_init();
/* USER CODE END 2 */
/* Infinite loop */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
while (1)
{
MX_LWIP_Process();
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}
/**
* @brief System Clock Configuration
* @retval None
*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
/** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage
*/
__HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();
__HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);
/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
*/
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSI;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 8;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 168;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 4;
if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
*/
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV4;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_5) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
/* USER CODE END 4 */
/**
* @briefPeriod elapsed callback in non blocking mode
* @NOTE This function is calledwhen TIM1 interrupt took place, inside
* HAL_TIM_IRQHandler(). It makes a direct call to HAL_IncTick() to increment
* a global variable "uwTick" used as application time base.
* @paramhtim : TIM handle
* @retval None
*/
void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN Callback 0 */
/* USER CODE END Callback 0 */
if (htim->Instance == TIM1) {
HAL_IncTick();
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN Callback 1 */
/* USER CODE END Callback 1 */
}
/**
* @briefThis function is executed in case of error occurrence.
* @retval None
*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
__disable_irq();
while (1)
{
}
/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
#ifdefUSE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
* @briefReports the name of the source file and the source line number
* where the assert_param error has occurred.
* @paramfile: pointer to the source file name
* @paramline: assert_param error line source number
* @retval None
*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
/* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
另外一个关键的地方是需要在.\LWIP\Target\ethernetif.c文件中的low_level_init函数添加 强制接收所有组播包 以及 确保启用 IGMP 支持
/*******************************************************************************
LL Driver Interface ( LwIP stack --> ETH)
*******************************************************************************/
/**
* @brief In this function, the hardware should be initialized.
* Called from ethernetif_init().
*
* @param netif the already initialized lwip network interface structure
* for this ethernetif
*/
static void low_level_init(struct netif *netif)
{
HAL_StatusTypeDef hal_eth_init_status = HAL_OK;
/* Start ETH HAL Init */
uint8_t MACAddr ;
heth.Instance = ETH;
MACAddr = 0x00;
MACAddr = 0x80;
MACAddr = 0xE1;
MACAddr = 0x00;
MACAddr = 0x00;
MACAddr = 0x00;
heth.Init.MACAddr = &MACAddr;
heth.Init.MediaInterface = HAL_ETH_RMII_MODE;
heth.Init.TxDesc = DMATxDscrTab;
heth.Init.RxDesc = DMARxDscrTab;
heth.Init.RxBuffLen = 1536;
/* USER CODE BEGIN MACADDRESS */
/* USER CODE END MACADDRESS */
hal_eth_init_status = HAL_ETH_Init(&heth);
memset(&TxConfig, 0 , sizeof(ETH_TxPacketConfig));
TxConfig.Attributes = ETH_TX_PACKETS_FEATURES_CSUM | ETH_TX_PACKETS_FEATURES_CRCPAD;
TxConfig.ChecksumCtrl = ETH_CHECKSUM_IPHDR_PAYLOAD_INSERT_PHDR_CALC;
TxConfig.CRCPadCtrl = ETH_CRC_PAD_INSERT;
/* End ETH HAL Init */
/* Initialize the RX POOL */
LWIP_MEMPOOL_INIT(RX_POOL);
#if LWIP_ARP || LWIP_ETHERNET
/* set MAC hardware address length */
netif->hwaddr_len = ETH_HWADDR_LEN;
/* set MAC hardware address */
netif->hwaddr =heth.Init.MACAddr;
netif->hwaddr =heth.Init.MACAddr;
netif->hwaddr =heth.Init.MACAddr;
netif->hwaddr =heth.Init.MACAddr;
netif->hwaddr =heth.Init.MACAddr;
netif->hwaddr =heth.Init.MACAddr;
/* maximum transfer unit */
netif->mtu = ETH_MAX_PAYLOAD;
/* Accept broadcast address and ARP traffic */
/* don't set NETIF_FLAG_ETHARP if this device is not an ethernet one */
#if LWIP_ARP
netif->flags |= NETIF_FLAG_BROADCAST | NETIF_FLAG_ETHARP;
#else
netif->flags |= NETIF_FLAG_BROADCAST;
#endif /* LWIP_ARP */
/* USER CODE BEGIN PHY_PRE_CONFIG */
/* USER CODE END PHY_PRE_CONFIG */
/* Set PHY IO functions */
LAN8742_RegisterBusIO(&LAN8742, &LAN8742_IOCtx);
/* Initialize the LAN8742 ETH PHY */
if(LAN8742_Init(&LAN8742) != LAN8742_STATUS_OK)
{
netif_set_link_down(netif);
netif_set_down(netif);
return;
}
if (hal_eth_init_status == HAL_OK)
{
/* Get link state */
ethernet_link_check_state(netif);
}
else
{
Error_Handler();
}
#endif /* LWIP_ARP || LWIP_ETHERNET */
/* USER CODE BEGIN LOW_LEVEL_INIT */
// --- 核心修复代码：直接操作寄存器 ---
ETH->MACFFR |= ETH_MACFFR_PAM;// 强制接收所有组播包
netif->flags |= NETIF_FLAG_IGMP;// 确保启用 IGMP 支持
/* USER CODE END LOW_LEVEL_INIT */
}
上位机软件
为了配合测试，这里用python写了一个简单的上位机测试软件
import socket
import struct
MCAST_GROUP = '226.0.0.80'
MCAST_PORT = 8554
LOCAL_IP = '192.168.88.2'# 替换为你的实际 IPv4 地址
# 创建 UDP 套接字
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.IPPROTO_UDP)
sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
sock.bind(('', MCAST_PORT))
# 通过 IP 地址绑定到指定接口（Windows 兼容方案）
sock.setsockopt(
socket.IPPROTO_IP,
socket.IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP,
socket.inet_aton(MCAST_GROUP) + socket.inet_aton(LOCAL_IP)
)
print(f"监听组播 {MCAST_GROUP}:{MCAST_PORT}...")
while True:
data, addr = sock.recvfrom(1024)
print(f"来自 {addr} 的消息: {data.decode()}")
# sender.py
import socket
MCAST_GROUP = '226.0.0.80'
MCAST_PORT = 8554
INTERFACE_IP = '192.168.88.2'# <--- 替换为你的实际 IPv4 地址
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.IPPROTO_UDP)
sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_MULTICAST_IF, socket.inet_aton(INTERFACE_IP))
message = "Multicast Test"
sock.sendto(message.encode(), (MCAST_GROUP, MCAST_PORT))
print("消息已发送")
sock.close()
实测效果
可以看到，使用脚本发送数据可以上位机软件成功接收。同时单片机收到数据之后通过串口发送到了串口助手，实验成功。
参考代码
https://github.com/dwgan/STM32-Multicast
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版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，遵循 CC 4.0 BY-SA 版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接和本声明。
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_39432978/article/details/146109101
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