TTL, which means transistor transistor logic, is most commonly used for small and medium-scale integration (MSI). There are two basic forms of TIL. The first and original group has a low-power/low-speed version and the standard line. The later designs are Schottky clamped, which come in quite a few versions and are still growing. The Schottky diodes are used to prevent the transistors from going into saturation, with a resulting increase in speed for a given power dissipation.<br /> The older families, including the 54H/74H are obsolete and used only for replacement. The low-power Schottky, 54LS/74L5, and the standard Schottky, 54S/74S, have been around for a long time. The newer versions include the family 54F/74F called FAST and two Texas Instruments versions, 54AS/74AS and 54ALS/74ALS. There are designated Advanced Schottky and Advanced Low Power Schottky, respectively. All of the TIL families represent different tradeoffs between power consumption and speed.<br /> If speed is not required, the Low Power class is a good choice, not only because of low power consumption, but because its low speed makes it insensitive to many high-frequency spikes and glitches.<br /> Although open inputs to TTL logic act as a high, it is not a good practice to leave them disconnected in final circuitry. This is because the maximum speed is lowered and the noise susceptibility is increased. It is also not a safe practice to tie these inputs to the 5 V line because the breakdown voltage of the input lines are only 5.5V compared to 7 V for the supply pin. Unused open inputs can be connected to the output of a spare gate that is held at a high or a 1 kH resistor can be inserted between the gate lead and the + 5 V supply. One resistor can be used for up to 25 gates in some logic families. A better way, however, is to use two resistors and a couple of microfarads of capacitance to form a stable Hi of about 3.5 V.<br /> One exception to this is the LS series where most of the devices have diode inputs, which can be directly connected to the + 5 V supply. Some of them have emitter inputs, however, which must be connected through the 1 kH resistor.<br /> The families are almost completely pin compatible, but for some strange reason there are a few exceptions. The power pin for dual-in-line sockets is usually # 16 (or # 14) and the ground pin # 8 (or # 7) depending on whether it is a 16-pin or 14-pin package. But, again, not always.<br />
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