C语言标准规定：
The result of the ~ operator is the bitwise complement of its (promoted) operand (that is,
each bit in the result is set if and only if the corresponding bit in the converted operand is
not set).The integer promotions are performed on the operand, and the result has the
promoted type.If the promoted type is an unsigned type, the expression ~E is equivalent
to the maximum value representable in that type minus E.
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