Squeezing the Most From Battery Cells with a Switched Mode Pump
使用开关泵充分利用电池电量
By Udayan Umapathi， Cypress Semiconductor
作者：Udayan Umapathi，
赛普拉斯半导体
The typical operating voltage required for any microcontroller is atleast
3.3 Volts. However， for the core in any microcontroller to be functional 1.8 Volts is sufficient. As an AA or AAA battery will give 1.3 to 1.5 V when fully charged，systems need atleast 2 battery cells to operate. As the battery decay gradually falls below 0.9 Volts， it becomes impossible to operate the system even with two batteries.
任何微控制器所需的典型操作电压至少为3.3V。然而，对于微控制器的核， 1.8V就够用了。AA或AAA电池在完全充电时将提供1.3到1.5 V电压，系统需要至少2节电池才能工作。当电池老化逐渐低于0.9V时，
即使用两节电池也无法使这个系统工作。
With the use of a boost converter， however， a microcontroller can operate on a single battery cell by boosting it upto 1.8 Volts or higher. This allows systems to operate from one battery cell， and operate even when the voltage drops to 0.5Volt.
Alternatively， systems can be powered with a single 0.5 Voltsolar cell. Developers can also protect system data when voltages drop too low to boost by employing techniques such as entering low power modes with RAM retention. This also allows users to replace the battery and resume operation with no interruption.
This article will explore how to use a Switched mode Pump to solve these system power issues.
然而，通过使用升压电路，微控制器可以使用一节电池通过升压至1.8V或更高来供电。这使得系统用一节电池就可以工作，甚至当电压下降到0.5V也没问题。另外，系统也可使用一个0.5 V的太阳能电池。开发人员还可以在电压降得太低不足以升压时通过一些技术来保护系统数据，如进入低功耗模式保持RAM数据。这允许用户在不中断工作的情况下更换电池和持续操作。本文将探讨如何使用开关泵来解决这些系统电源问题。
Achieving a long battery life in portable applications is a challenge. Designers have multiple factors they have to consider to minimize power consumption， including power supply design， component selection， efficient firmware structure(if any)， managing multiple low power operating modes，and PCB Layout design.Many of today’s microcontroller
and SoC architectures have an on-chip boost converter that can accept an input voltage supplied by a battery or other source and producea selectable， higher output voltage than the input voltage. Consider an application that uses a solar cell for power. A single Solar cell provides about 0.5 volt. Hence， we need at least 3 solar cells connected in series to generate a usable voltage. Typically solar cells are used in applications that are consumer-oriented and
require a small form factor. With the availability of a Boost Converter， it is possible to power a microcontroller-based system with a single solar cell. After reading this article， a reader will be aware of the various features and modes of operation of a Boost converter(Switched Mode Pump-SMP)， problems faced when using an SMP， and techniques to improve efficiency.
要在便携应用上实现长电池寿命是一个挑战。设计者需要考虑很多因素，把功耗降到最低，包括电源设计，器件选择，高效固件结构(如果有的话)，管理多个低功率运行模式，以及PCB版图设计。很多当今的微控制器和 SoC结构都有片上升压电路，都可以接受电池或者其它可选能源作为输入电压源，可以输出比输入高的电压。例如一个使用太阳能电池为电源的应用。一个太阳能电池可以提供大约0.5V。因此，一般我们需要至少3个太阳能电池串联来产生一个可用的电压。典型的太阳能电池一般适用于这样的应用中，面向消费类客户的产品，需要外型比较小。使用升压转换器，就可能用一个太阳能电池来给微控制器系统供电。看完这篇**，读者会了解到各种特点和模式的升压转换器(开关泵-SMP)，以及使用SMP所面临的问题和提高效率的技术。
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