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A cache is normally implemented using sets of lines where a line is just a short segment of memory. The number of lines in a set is called x-way associative. This property is set in the hardware design.
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The L1-caches on all Cortex®-M7s are divided into lines of 32 bytes. Each line is tagged with an address. The data cache is 4-way set associative (four lines per set) and the instruction cache is 2-way set associative. This is a hardware compromise to keep from having to tag each line with an address.