TI**中英文对照(1)-如何设计你的冰箱电机驱动

1万 · 2015-4-28 08:40

争取看懂外语文章，哈哈！
How to design your refrigerator motor drive

Motors are found almost everywhere in our daily life. If you take a look inside a common home appliance, like a refrigerator, you’ll find some fancy applications of stepper and BLDC motors, the damper and the BLDC fan. These play very important roles to keep the refrigerator working efficiently.

电机在我们的日常生活中无处不在。如果你看看普通家用电器的内部，诸如冰箱，你将会找到某些步进和无刷直流 (BLDC) 电机，节气阀和BLDC风扇等高级应用。这些应用在使冰箱有效运行方面发挥了重要作用。

1万 · 2015-4-28 08:40

Damper

The damper is a small flap that controls the flow of air from the freezer to the refrigerator. It is usually found in the top of the fridge or on the back panel near the top. The damper is controlled by a thermostat, triggering it to open and close depending on the temperature of the air in the refrigerator. Inside the damper there is a permanent magnet (PM) stepper motor and the gear box. Let’s tear down (That is my favorite part of being an engineer!) a damper for a close look at the inside.

节气阀

节气阀是一个控制制冷器到冰箱空气流量的小节气门。它通常位于冰箱顶部，或者是后面板靠近顶部的位置上。节气阀由一个恒温器进行控制，根据冰箱内空气的温度来触发其打开或关闭。节气阀的内部有一个永磁体 (PM) 步进电机和齿轮箱。让我们拆开一个节气阀仔细地看一看（作为一名工程师，这是我最喜欢的部分！）。

1万 · 2015-4-28 08:41

As you see, the small PM stepper drives the gear box and makes the flap open or close. This stepper motor is driven by 12 volts and usually doesn’t need current regulation. So how can you tell whether a stepper is voltage driven or current driven? Just measure the DC resistance of the motor phase. If the resistance is about 30ohm to several hundreds of ohms, it should be voltage driven. If the resistance is below 20 ohm, mostly below 10 ohm, it is most likely a current-driven motor. Generally, voltage-driven motors are usually seen on small power PM steppers and unipolar steppers that have very small driven current so that the resistance loss of I2 x R does not get too big. The current-driven type can be found in most mid- or high-power hybrid steppers.

如你所见，小型PM步进电机驱动齿轮箱，并使节气门打开或关闭。这个步进电机的驱动电压为12V，并且通常无需电流调节。那么，你怎么样来区分步进电机是由电压驱动还是由电流驱动呢？只要测量一下电机相位的DC电阻值就可以了。如果电阻值大约为30欧姆到几百欧姆的话，应该是电压驱动的。如果电阻值低于20欧姆，大多数情况下在10欧姆以下，极有可能是由电流驱动的。通常情况下，电压驱动的电机常见于小功耗PM步进电机和驱动电流极低的单极步进电机，这样的话，I2 x R的电阻损耗不会太大。电流驱动类型可见于大多数中高功率混合式步进电机中。

1万 · 2015-4-28 08:42

Ok, let’s get back to the topic of the damper. The one I opened has a PM voltage-driven stepper inside with about a 400 ohm phase resistor. Let’s find a perfect driver for it. The DRV8848 is the very one. The 4V to 18V driving voltage range, dual H-Bridge integration, PWM control interface, up to 2A operation, and full protection, makes it perfect to do the damper-driving job. If you want to know more about the driving logic details, check out the reference design for a complete solution with all hardware and software open.

好了，我们再回到节气阀。我拆开的这个节气阀有一个PM电压驱动步进电机，相位电阻器的电阻值大约为400欧姆。我们来为它找一个最合适的驱动器。DRV8848就很合适。4V到18V驱动电压范围，双H桥集成，脉宽调制 (PWM) 控制接口，高达2A工作电流，以及完全保护，使得它成为驱动节气阀的理想选择。如果你希望了解与驱动逻辑电路相关的更多内容，可以看看针对完整解决方案的参考设计，你可以为其选择相关硬件和软件。

1万 · 2015-4-28 08:43

As you can see in the picture below, the refrigerator fan modules keep the cold air cycling and distribution inside the refrigerator uniform without frosting, greatly enhancing the performance of the refrigerator.

你在下方的图片中可以看到，冰箱风扇模块使冰箱内的冷空气循环，均匀分布在冰箱内的各个角落，防止结霜，从而大大地提高了冰箱的性能。

1万 · 2015-4-28 08:44

This fan module includes a single- or three-phase brushless motor. Now, we see more fans with three-phase BLDC because of its ability to provide compact size with more quiet and efficient long term operation. Both Hall-sensored or sensorless control can be found in this application. Thanks to TI’s three-phase sensorless sinusoidal motor driver, the DRV10983, we can achieve cutting-edge 180° sensorless BLDC control without any struggling on the control algorithm.

这个风扇模块包括一个单相或三相无刷电机。目前，我们更常见到的是三相BLDC，这是因为，此类电机更加小巧，工作时更安静，并且可以长时间高效运行。在这个应用中，会看到霍尔传感器或无传感器控制。由于TI的三相无传感器正弦电机驱动器，DRV10983，我们可以在不纠结于控制算法的情况下实现最前沿的180°无刷BLDC控制。

1万 · 2015-4-28 08:44

We included the DRV10983 as the fan driver for high efficiency and supper quiet operation in the reference design. Since most refrigerator manufacturers are now using PWM supply to power up the fan module and change the speed, we applied a closed-loop speed control utilizing FG feedback and PWM power regulation with minimum hardware change to the existing solutions. With closed-loop speed control, we can keep the desired speed value regardless of the motor parameter variations, power supply changes, mechanical wearing or life time. Learn how the speed control benefits the operation in this video.

我们将DRV10983归类为参考设计中用于高效和超级安静运行的风扇驱动器。由于大多数冰箱制造商现在使用PWM电源来为风扇模块供电并改变其转速，我们采用FG反馈和PWM功率稳压来施加闭环速度控制，这样对现有解决方案的硬件改动最小。借助闭环速度控制，我们可以在不考虑电机参数变化、电源变化、机械磨损或使用寿命的情况下保持所需的速度值。请在这部视频中了解机器运行是如何从速度控制中受益的。