[其他ST产品] STM32串口通信配置(USART/UART)

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 楼主| 610u 发表于 2023-2-25 16:45 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
在配置USART和UART之前,得先明白什么是USART和UART以及它们之间有什么区别,其实两者是同步和异步的区别。
UART:universal asynchronous receiver and transmitter通用异步收发器;
USART:universal synchronous asynchronous receiver and transmitter通用同步异步收发器。
一般而言,单片机中,名称为UART的接口一般只能用于异步串行通讯,而名称为USART的接口既可以用于同步串行通讯,也能用于异步串行通讯。

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版权声明:本文为博主原创文章,遵循 CC 4.0 BY-SA 版权协议,转载请附上原文出处链接和本声明。 本文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45024820/article/details/119936951 ———————————————— 版权声明:本文为CSDN博主「冯采」的原创文章,遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议,转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。 原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45024820/article/d  发表于 2023-2-26 00:19
 楼主| 610u 发表于 2023-2-25 16:49 | 显示全部楼层
串口接受和发送数据的程序(USART/UART)
STM32串口引脚如下图所示
9657763f9cb9b75c16.png
 楼主| 610u 发表于 2023-2-25 16:50 | 显示全部楼层
配置USART1
  1. static unsigned char TxBuffer[256];
  2. static unsigned char TxCounter=0;
  3. static unsigned char count=0;
  4. extern void CopeSerial1Data(unsigned char ucData);
  5. void Initial_UART1(unsigned long baudrate)
  6. {
  7.          //GPIO端口设置
  8.         GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
  9.         USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;
  10.         NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
  11.         RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1 | RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);
  12.         //USART1_TX   GPIOA.9
  13.         GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9;
  14.         GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;//复用推挽输出
  15.         GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
  16.         GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure); //初始化   
  17.    //USART1_RX   GPIOA.10
  18.         GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10;
  19.         GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;//浮空输入
  20.         GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);//初始化
  21.           
  22.         USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = baudrate;//设置波特率
  23.         USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;//字长为8位数据格式
  24.         USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;//1个停止位
  25.         USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No ;//无奇偶校验
  26.         USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;//无硬件数据流控制
  27.         USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx;//收发模式
  28.         USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStructure); //初始化
  29.         USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_TXE, DISABLE);  
  30.         USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE); //开启串口接受中断      
  31.         USART_ClearFlag(USART1,USART_FLAG_TC);
  32.         USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE);//使能
  33.         NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;
  34.         NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;
  35.         NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 7;
  36.         NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
  37.         NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
  38. }
 楼主| 610u 发表于 2023-2-26 00:18 | 显示全部楼层
配置USART2
由于和前一个配置大同小异,所以只在和前一个不同的地方加入注释
  1. static unsigned char TxBuffer[256];
  2. static unsigned char TxCounter=0;
  3. static unsigned char count=0;
  4. extern void CopeSerial2Data(unsigned char ucData);
  5. void Initial_UART2(unsigned long baudrate)
  6. {
  7.         GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
  8.         USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;
  9.         NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
  10.         RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_USART2 | RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);
  11.         //PA2为TX
  12.         GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_2;
  13.         GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
  14.         GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
  15.         GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);  
  16.         //PA3为RX  
  17.         GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_3;
  18.         GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;
  19.         GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
  20.          
  21.         USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = baudrate;
  22.         USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;
  23.         USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;
  24.         USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No ;
  25.         USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
  26.         USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx;
  27.         USART_Init(USART2, &USART_InitStructure);
  28.         USART_ITConfig(USART2, USART_IT_TXE, DISABLE);   
  29.         USART_ITConfig(USART2, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);
  30.         USART_ClearFlag(USART2,USART_FLAG_TC);       
  31.         USART_Cmd(USART2, ENABLE);
  32.         NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART2_IRQn;
  33.         NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;
  34.         NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 8;
  35.         NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
  36.         NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
  37. }
 楼主| 610u 发表于 2023-2-26 00:18 | 显示全部楼层
配置USART3
  1. static unsigned char TxBuffer[256];
  2. static unsigned char TxCounter=0;
  3. static unsigned char count=0;
  4. extern void CopeSerial2Data(unsigned char ucData);
  5. void Initial_UART3(unsigned long baudrate)
  6. {
  7.         GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
  8.         USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;
  9.         NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
  10.   RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_USART3 | RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);
  11.          RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE);   // GPIOB时钟
  12.     RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_USART3,ENABLE);
  13.           USART_DeInit(USART3);
  14.          //PB10为TX
  15.         GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10;
  16.         GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
  17.         GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
  18.         GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);   
  19.         //PB1为RX
  20.         GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_11;
  21.         GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;
  22.         GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);
  23.          
  24.         USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = baudrate;
  25.         USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;
  26.         USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;
  27.         USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No ;
  28.         USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
  29.         USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx;
  30.         USART_Init(USART3, &USART_InitStructure);
  31.         USART_ITConfig(USART3, USART_IT_TXE, DISABLE);   
  32.         USART_ITConfig(USART3, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);
  33.         USART_ClearFlag(USART3,USART_FLAG_TC);       
  34.         USART_Cmd(USART3, ENABLE);
  35.         NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART3_IRQn;
  36.         NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;
  37.         NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 8;
  38.         NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
  39.         NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
  40. }
 楼主| 610u 发表于 2023-2-26 00:18 | 显示全部楼层
配置大概就是如此,在笔者的程序中,USART1用来STM32连接电脑上串口助手,USART2、3用来连接两个传感器收发数据
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