PCB Design Tutorial by David L. Jones Page 9 of 25
For non-mains voltages, the IPC standard has a set of tables that define the clearance required for various voltages. A simplified table is shown here. The clearance will vary depending on whether the tracks are on an internal layers or the external surface. They also vary with the operational height of the board above sea level, due to the thinning of the atmosphere at high altitudes. Conformal coating also improves these figures for a given clearance, and this is often used on military spec PCBs.
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