1. 什么是Bootloader Bootloader是硬件启动的引导程序,是运行操作系统的前提。在操作系统内核或用户应用程序运行之前运行的一段小代码。对硬件进行相应的初始化和设定,最终为操作系统准备好环境。 2. Bootloader的特点 Bootloader不属于操作系统,一般采用汇编语言和C语言开发。需要针对特定的硬件平台编写。在移植过程时,首先为开发板移植Bootloader。Bootloader不但依赖于CPU的体系架构,而且依赖于嵌入式系统板级设备的配置。 3. STM32中bootloader的内存分配 stm32默认的是从0x08000000开始启动程序,所以bootloader也存在于这个地址,大小可以设置。如下图举例分配 48K的大小空间给Bootloader 还有一种分配方式:镜像的备份 Firmware ---> Application Bak ---> SysRest ----> Bootloader -----> Check if new Firmware -----> Move App Bak to App area 这种方式需要更大的存储空间,如果MCU内置FLASH 不够备份Firmware则需要外置Flash,将Firmware备份在外置FLASH。 根据实际MCU的Flash的大小和固件的大小来分配空间。一般可以把固件信息(app固件的StartAddr, EndAddr, FirmwareSize, CRC等)存放在Free Spae. bootloader的作用一般是用作更新APP,和初始化后设定跳转到对应的APP。如果APP不加更新功能的话也可以直接将APP写入到0x08000000这个地址里。更新程序就是数据包的接收、校验、写入,全部写入完成后检查APP的启动向量为合格就可以跳转到APP里。 4. Bootloader的跳转简单实现 4.1 Bootloader 我基于STM32Cube配置的外设,IDE用的STM32SW4,STM32F103RCT6。 在实现IAP功能前,先实现跳转。这里先不涉及固件更新。 /*FLASH : 0x8000000 --- 0x8040000 Total Size: 256K
*RAM : 0x20000000 --- 0x2000C000 Total Size: 48K
*Bootloader: 0x8000000 --- 0x8008000 Total Size: 32K 1 /* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/ 2 #include "main.h" 3 #include "stm32f1xx_hal.h" 4 #include "usart.h" 5 #include "gpio.h" 6 7 /* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */ 8 #include "stdio.h" 9 /* USER CODE END Includes */ 10 11 /* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */ 12 /* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/ 13 pFunction jump2app; 14 void (*jump2app)(); 15 /* USER CODE END PFP */ 16 17 18 19 /* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */ 20 #ifdef __GNUC__ 21 #define PUTCHAR_PROTOTYPE int __io_putchar(int ch) 22 #else 23 #define PUTCHAR_PROTOTYPE int fputc(int ch, FILE *f) 24 #endif 25 26 /*retargets the C library printf function to the USART*/ 27 PUTCHAR_PROTOTYPE 28 { 29 HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,(uint8_t*)&ch, 1, 0xFFFF); 30 return ch; 31 } 32 33 //FLASH : 0x8000000 --- 0x8040000 Total Size: 256K 34 //RAM : 0x20000000 --- 0x2000C000 Total Size: 48K 35 //Bootloader : 0x8000000 --- 0x8008000 Total Size: 32K 36 37 #define ApplicationAddress 0x8008000 38 39 40 void iap_load_app(uint32_t appAddr) 41 { 42 printf("first word : 0x%x\n",(*(uint32_t*)appAddr)); 43 if (((*(__IO uint32_t*)ApplicationAddress) & 0x2FFE0000 ) == 0x20000000) 44 { 45 printf("IAP load APP!!!\n"); 46 47 __disable_irq(); 48 49 jump2app = (void (*)())*(__IO uint32_t*) (appAddr + 4); 50 51 __set_MSP(*(__IO uint32_t*) appAddr); 52 53 jump2app(); 54 } 55 } 56 /* USER CODE END 0 */ 57 58 /** 59 * @brief The application entry point. 60 * 61 * @retval None 62 */ 63 int main(void) 64 { 65 /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */ 66 67 /* USER CODE END 1 */ 68 69 /* MCU Configuration----------------------------------------------------------*/ 70 71 /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */ 72 HAL_Init(); 73 74 /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */ 75 76 /* USER CODE END Init */ 77 78 /* Configure the system clock */ 79 SystemClock_Config(); 80 81 /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */ 82 83 /* USER CODE END SysInit */ 84 85 /* Initialize all configured peripherals */ 86 MX_GPIO_Init(); 87 MX_USART1_UART_Init(); 88 /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */ 89 90 /* USER CODE END 2 */ 91 92 /* Infinite loop */ 93 /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */ 94 while (1) 95 { 96 printf("I am bootloader,jump to app after 5 seconds!\n"); 97 98 HAL_Delay(1000); 99 100 printf("1\r\n");101 102 HAL_Delay(1000);103 104 printf("2\r\n");105 106 HAL_Delay(1000);107 108 printf("3\r\n");109 110 HAL_Delay(1000);111 112 printf("4\r\n");113 114 HAL_Delay(1000);115 116 printf("ready to jump!\n");117 118 iap_load_app(ApplicationAddress);119 /* USER CODE END WHILE */120 121 /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */122 123 }124 /* USER CODE END 3 */125 126 } 修改ld文件 STM32F103RCTx_Flash.ld 编译烧录。首先将STM32F103RCT6的FLASH全部擦除如下图,然后用STM32SW4烧录Bootloader 调试Bootloader如下图 4.2 Application APP主要是修改ld文件,Bootloader分配了 32Kb, 剩余224K的先全分配给App, 实现简单跳转。 int main(void){ //NVIC_SetVectorTable(NVIC_VectTab_FLASH,0x2000); /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */ SCB->VTOR = ((uint32_t)0x8000000) | (0x8000 & (uint32_t)0x1FFFFF80); /* USER CODE END 1 */ /* MCU Configuration----------------------------------------------------------*/ /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */ HAL_Init(); /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */ /* USER CODE END Init */ /* Configure the system clock */ SystemClock_Config(); /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */ /* USER CODE END SysInit */ /* Initialize all configured peripherals */ MX_GPIO_Init(); MX_USART1_UART_Init(); /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */ __enable_irq(); /* USER CODE END 2 */ /* Infinite loop */ /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */ while (1) { printf("I am new APP !\n\r"); HAL_Delay(1000); /* USER CODE END WHILE */ /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */ } /* USER CODE END 3 */} 再将APP烧录,Reset
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