Simplifying Multi-chemistry Battery Chargers
Portable electronic devices， whether personal electronics， remote scientific instrumentation， or simple garage flashlights， all have one thing in common： batteries.
These can be NiCd， NiMH， Li-Ion， or any other rechargeable battery chemistries. This article discusses a flexible battery charging system that can be applied to a range of voltages， battery chemistries， and battery charge profiles.
便携式电子设备（无论是个人电子，远程科学仪器，还是简单的车库手电筒）都有一个共同点：电池。可以是镍镉电池，镍氢电池，锂电池，或任何其他可充电电池。本文将讨论一种灵活的电池充电系统，其可以应用于各种电压，化学成分，和充电特性的电池。
When charging multi-chemistry batteries with different cell capacities， the battery voltage can be higher or lower than the supply voltage at various stages of the charging. Thus the supply voltage needs to be either boosted or attenuated to match the battery voltage. For example， a supply voltage of 3.3 V needs to be attenuated down when a single cell NiMH battery (typically 1.25 V) is being charged. When a single cell Li-ion battery (4.1 V) is used， the input voltage needs to be amplified. To address such cases， the primary charge path is chosen to be Single Ended Primary Inductor Converter (SEPIC) [1].
This topology of switch-mode DC-DC conversion has the ability to both buck and boost a wide range of voltages to provide supply voltage flexibility.
当使用不同的电池容量给多种电池充电时，在不同的充电阶段，电池电压可能高于或低于电源电压。因此需要电源电压升压或降压来匹配电池电压。例如，当3.3伏的电源电压给一节镍氢电池(通常是1.25 V)充电时需要降低。当给锂电池(4.1 V)充电时，则需要升高输入电压。要处理这种情况，主充电路径要选择为单端初级电感变换器(SEPIC)[1]。开关型DC-DC转换具备比较大范围的降压和升压能力，可以提供灵活的供电电压。
Two different rechargeable battery chemistries – Nickel-Metal Hydrate (NiMH) and Lithium-ion (Li-Ion) batteries – will be used as examples in this article.
These two chemistries require different charge profiles but can both be readily serviced using the same flexible charging topology. The flexibility and simplicity in switching from one type of battery chemistry to another is implementation in software on a microcontroller. By designing the charging subsystem in a modular manner and encapsulating functions into various components， the same application can be implemented using different microcontrollers， depending upon system requirements.
The use of components simplifies design， where the input and/or outputs are hardware and/or software [21]. This approach allows developers to add battery charging as an additional feature to another main application， like motor control， accurate medical measurements， etc.
这篇**将会以两种不同的可充电电池—镍氢电池(NiMH)和锂电池(Li-Ion)为例进行介绍。这两种化学物质的电池需要不同的充电特性，但这两者都能容易的使用相同灵活的充电结构为我们服务。从一种电池切换到另一种既灵活又简单，可以用微控制器在软件上实现。通过设计模块化的充电子系统，把功能封装到各种组件，根据系统需求，同样的应用程序可以使用不同的微控制器实现。组件的使用简化了设计，这里输入和/或输出可以是硬件和/或软件[2]。这种方法使得开发者可以把电池充电功能作为一个额外特色加到主应用中，如马达控制，准确医学测量等。
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