时钟控制器（电子时钟）

2万 · 2021-8-23 11:33

基于电子钟的控制器，其实相当于是闹钟的功能。学习来源是根据宋雪松老师的《手把手教你学单片机》。通过stc89c52+LCD1602+DS1302+矩阵按键+LED小灯实现的。具体现象，到固定时间小灯会自主亮灭。程序分为5个部分。程序所实现的现象为在10:00,10:02,10:05开始亮，在10:01,10:04,10:06开始灭。
protues的仿真图在下方

一：LCD1602液晶模块

#include <reg52.h>
//控制LCD1602的位
#define LCD1602_DB P0       //数据位
sbit LCD1602_RS = P2^6;       //指令/数据选择信号
sbit LCD1602_RW = P2^5;       //读写选择信号
sbit LCD1602_E = P2^7;       //使能信号
/*LCD1602状态检测函数DB7为忙标志位，为1时禁止，为0是工作*/
void LcdWaitReady()
{
      unsigned char sta;             //用来缓存LCD1602_DB的值
      LCD1602_DB = 0xff;             //赋初值
      LCD1602_RS = 0;
      LCD1602_RW = 1;
      do {
            LCD1602_E = 1;
            sta = LCD1602_DB;
            LCD1602_E = 0;
      }while (sta&0x80);       //当DB7为0时结束循环
}
/*LCD1602写指令函数，形参cmd-要输入的指令*/
void LcdWriteCmd(unsigned char cmd)
{
      LcdWaitReady();             //检测状态函数
      LCD1602_RS = 0;             //根据LCD1602时序图所写
      LCD1602_RW = 0;
      LCD1602_DB = cmd;
      LCD1602_E = 1;
      LCD1602_E = 0;
}
/*LCD1602设置坐标函数，形参(x,y)-书写坐标*/
void LcdSetCursor(unsigned char x, unsigned char y)
{
      unsigned char addr;                      //书写地址
      if (y == 0)
            addr = x + 0x00;
      else
            addr = x + 0x40;
      LcdWriteCmd(addr | 0x80);  //写入书写的地址
}
/*LCD1602写入数据函数，形参dat-要写入的数据*/
void LcdWriteDat(unsigned char dat)
{
      LcdWaitReady();                               //状态检测函数
      LCD1602_RS = 1;
      LCD1602_RW = 0;
      LCD1602_DB = dat;
      LCD1602_E = 1;
      LCD1602_E = 0;
}
/*LCD1602开光标函数*/
void LcdOpenCursor()
{
      LcdWriteCmd(0x0f);
}
/*LCD1602关闭光标函数*/
void LcdCloseCursor()
{
      LcdWriteCmd(0x0c);
}
/*LCD1602显示字符函数，形参(x,y)-代表书写坐标，str-所写字符串的指针*/
void LcdShowStr(unsigned char x, unsigned char y, unsigned char *str)
{
      LcdSetCursor(x, y);                      //设置坐标函数
      while (*str != '\0')
      {
            LcdWriteDat(*str++);       //写数据函数
      }
}
/*LCD1602液晶初始化函数*/
void InitLcd1602()
{
      LcdWriteCmd(0x38);       //写指令函数。功能设置，8位数据总线，两行显示，5*7点阵
      LcdWriteCmd(0x0c);       //显示开关控制，开显示，游标不显示
      LcdWriteCmd(0x06);       //完成一个字符码传送后，光标右移，地址自动加1
      LcdWriteCmd(0x01);       //清显示
}

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二:矩阵按键模块

#include <reg52.h>
//控制按键的位
sbit keyout1 = P1^7;
sbit keyout2 = P1^6;
sbit keyout3 = P1^5;
sbit keyout4 = P1^4;
sbit keyin1 = P1^3;
sbit keyin2 = P1^2;
sbit keyin3 = P1^1;
sbit keyin4 = P1^0;
unsigned char code KeyCodeMap[4][4] = { //矩阵按键编号到标准键盘键码的印射表
{'1', '2', '3', 0x26}, //数字键1，数字键2，数字键3，向上键
{'4', '5', '6', 0x25}, //数字键4，数字键5，数字键6，向左键
{'7', '8', '9', 0x28}, //数字键7，数字键8，数字键9，向下键
{'0', 0x1b, 0x0d, 0x27} //数字键0，ESC键，回车键，向右键
};
//用来保存按键的状态
unsigned char keysta[4][4] = {
{1, 1, 1, 1},{1, 1, 1, 1},{1, 1, 1, 1},{1, 1, 1, 1}
};
extern void KeyAction(unsigned char keycode);
/*按键驱动函数，用来调用按键*/
void KeyDriver()
{ //用来保存上一次按键的状态
static unsigned char backup[4][4] = {
{1,1,1,1},{1,1,1,1},{1,1,1,1},{1,1,1,1}
};
unsigned char i;
unsigned char j;
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) //构建两层循环来完成对矩阵按键的扫描
{
for (j = 0; j < 4; j++)
{
if (keysta[j] != backup[j])
{
if (backup[j] != 0)
{
KeyAction(KeyCodeMap[j]); //通过按键位置来执行相应的程序
}
backup[j] = keysta[j];
}
}
}
}
/*按键扫描函数，通过定时器0中断来完成1ms扫描一次*/
void KeyScan()
{
static unsigned char keyout = 0;
static unsigned char keybuff[4][4] = { //用来消抖
{0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff},{0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff},
{0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff},{0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff}
};
unsigned char i;
//将一行的4个按键值移入缓冲区
keybuff[keyout][0] = (keybuff[keyout][0] << 1)|keyin1;
keybuff[keyout][1] = (keybuff[keyout][1] << 1)|keyin2;
keybuff[keyout][2] = (keybuff[keyout][2] << 1)|keyin3;
keybuff[keyout][3] = (keybuff[keyout][3] << 1)|keyin4;
//消抖后更新按键状态
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
if ((keybuff[keyout]&0x0f) == 0x0f)
{//连续4次扫描值为1，即4*4ms内都是弹起状态时，可以认为按键已稳定弹起
keysta[keyout] = 1;
}
else if ((keybuff[keyout]&0x0f) == 0x00)
{//连续4次扫描值为0，即4*4ms内都是按下状态时，可以认为按键已稳定按下
keysta[keyout] = 0;
}
}
keyout++;
if (keyout >= 4)
keyout = 0;
switch (keyout)
{ //每次拉低一个按键的值
case 0:keyout1=0;keyout2=1;keyout3=1;keyout4=1;break;
case 1:keyout1=1;keyout2=0;keyout3=1;keyout4=1;break;
case 2:keyout1=1;keyout2=1;keyout3=0;keyout4=1;break;
case 3:keyout1=1;keyout2=1;keyout3=1;keyout4=0;break;
default:break;
}
}

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三：DS1302时钟芯片模块（单字节读出函数未使用）

#include <reg52.h>
#include <intrins.h>
//控制DS1302时钟的位
sbit DS1302_SK = P3^6;                      //时钟信号端，通过控制其高低电平来输入/输出数据
sbit DS1302_IO = P3^4;                      //输入输出数据端
sbit DS1302_CE = P3^5;                      //使能端，高电平时有效
struct sTime {                                        //定义时间结构体
      unsigned char year;                      //年
      unsigned char mon;                      //月
      unsigned char day;                      //日
      unsigned char hour;                      //时
      unsigned char min;                      //分
      unsigned char sec;                      //秒
      unsigned char week;                      //星期
};
/*DS1302读出函数，根据时序图编写，返回值为读出的数据*/
unsigned char DS1302ByteRead()
{
      unsigned char dat = 0;
      unsigned char mask;
      for (mask=0x01; mask!=0; mask<<=1)
      {
            if (DS1302_IO != 0)
                     dat |= mask;
            DS1302_SK = 1;       //先准备好数据，然后拉高SK
            _nop_();
            DS1302_SK = 0;       //拉低SK
            _nop_();
      }
      return dat;
}
/*DS1302写入函数，根据时序图编写，dat-写入的数据*/
void DS1302ByteWrite(unsigned char dat)
{
      unsigned char mask;
      for (mask=0x01; mask!=0; mask<<=1)
      {
            if ((mask&dat) != 0) //将输入数据的位从最低位依次输入
                     DS1302_IO = 1;
            else
                     DS1302_IO = 0;
            DS1302_SK = 1;                //先准备好数据，拉高SK，数据采样
            _nop_();
            DS1302_SK = 0;                //拉低SK，数据输出
            _nop_();
      }
      DS1302_IO = 1;                         //释放IO引脚
}
/*DS1302单字节读出函数，addr-写入要读字节的寄存器地址，返回值为读出的数据*/
unsigned char DS1302SingleRead(unsigned char addr)
{
      unsigned char dat;
      DS1302_CE = 1;
      _nop_();
      DS1302ByteWrite(addr);
      dat = DS1302ByteRead();
      DS1302_CE = 0;
      _nop_();
      return dat;
}
/*DS1302单字节写入函数,addr-写入字节的寄存器地址，dat-写入数据*/
void DS1302SingleWrite(unsigned addr, unsigned dat)
{
      DS1302_CE = 1;
      _nop_();
      DS1302ByteWrite(addr);
      DS1302ByteWrite(dat);
      DS1302_CE = 0;
      _nop_();
}
/*DS1302burst写入模式，一次写入8个字节,dat-写入数据的指针*/
void DS1302BurstWrite(unsigned char *dat)
{
      unsigned char i;
      DS1302_CE = 1;
      _nop_();
      DS1302ByteWrite(0xbe);
      for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
      {
            DS1302ByteWrite(*dat++);
      }
      DS1302_CE = 0;
      _nop_();
}
/*DS1302Burst读出模式，一次读出8个字节，dat-存储读出数据的指针*/
void DS1302BurstRead(unsigned char * dat)
{
      unsigned char i;
      DS1302_CE = 1;
      _nop_();
      DS1302ByteWrite(0xbf);
      for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
      {
            *dat++ = DS1302ByteRead();
      }
      DS1302_CE = 0;
      _nop_();
}
/*获取实时时间，time-存储时间的结构体*/
void GetRealTime(struct sTime * time)
{
      unsigned char buf[8];
      DS1302BurstRead(buf);
      time->year = buf[6] + 0x2000;
      time->week = buf[5];
      time->mon = buf[4];
      time->day = buf[3];
      time->hour = buf[2];
      time->min = buf[1];
      time->sec = buf[0];
}
/*设置实时时间，dat-要写入的数据的结构体*/
void SetRealTime(struct sTime * dat)
{
      unsigned char buf[8];
      buf[7] = 0x00;
      buf[6] = dat->year;
      buf[5] = dat->week;
      buf[4] = dat->mon;
      buf[3] = dat->day;
      buf[2] = dat->hour;
      buf[1] = dat->min;
      buf[0] = dat->sec;
      DS1302BurstWrite(buf);
}
/*初始化DS1302函数*/
void InitDS1302()
{
      struct sTime code InitTime[] = {0x2019, 0x10, 0x11, 0x09, 0x59, 0x50, 0x05};
      DS1302_CE = 0;
      _nop_();                                     //延时一个机器周期
      DS1302_SK = 0;
      _nop_();
      DS1302SingleWrite(0x8e, 0x00); //撤销写保护，0x8e-写保护位的地址，0x00-撤销写保护
      SetRealTime(InitTime);                //设置初始时间
      DS1302SingleWrite(0x8e, 0x80); //添加写保护
}

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四：设置时间函数

#include <reg52.h>
struct sTime {                                     //定义时间结构体
      unsigned char year;                      //年
      unsigned char mon;                   //月
      unsigned char day;                      //日
      unsigned char hour;                      //时
      unsigned char min;                      //分
      unsigned char sec;                      //秒
      unsigned char week;                      //星期
};
struct sTime bufTime;                      //时间缓冲区
unsigned char setIndex = 0;             //设置标志位
/*函数声明*/
extern void RefreshTime();
extern void LcdSetCursor(unsigned char x, unsigned char y);
extern void SetRealTime(struct sTime * dat);
extern void LcdCloseCursor();
extern void LcdOpenCursor();
/*刷新当前设置位的光标指示*/
void RefreshSetShow()
{
      switch(setIndex)
      {
            case 1:LcdSetCursor(2, 0);break;
            case 2:LcdSetCursor(3, 0);break;
            case 3:LcdSetCursor(5, 0);break;
            case 4:LcdSetCursor(6, 0);break;
            case 5:LcdSetCursor(8, 0);break;
            case 6:LcdSetCursor(9, 0);break;
            case 7:LcdSetCursor(15, 0);break;
            case 8:LcdSetCursor(4, 1);break;
            case 9:LcdSetCursor(5, 1);break;
            case 10:LcdSetCursor(7, 1);break;
            case 11:LcdSetCursor(8, 1);break;
            case 12:LcdSetCursor(10, 1);break;
            case 13:LcdSetCursor(11, 1);break;
            default:break;
      }
}
/***********************************************************************/
//递增或递减分，秒的BCD码
/*递增一个BCD码的高位*/
unsigned char IncTimeBcdHigh(unsigned char bcd)
{
      if ((bcd&0xf0) < 0x50)
            bcd += 0x10;
      else
            bcd &= 0x0f;
      return bcd;
}
/*递减一个BCD码的高位*/
unsigned char DecTimeBcdHigh(unsigned char bcd)
{
      if ((bcd&0xf0) > 0x00)
            bcd -= 0x10;
      else
            bcd |= 0x50;
      return bcd;
}
//递增或递减时，分，秒的BCD码
/********************************************************************/
/*递增一个BCD码的高位*/
unsigned char IncBcdHigh(unsigned char bcd)
{
      if ((bcd&0xf0) < 0x90)
            bcd += 0x10;
      else
            bcd &= 0x0f;
      return bcd;
}
/*递增一个BCD码的低位*/
unsigned char IncBcdLow(unsigned char bcd)
{
      if ((bcd&0x0f) < 0x09)
            bcd += 0x01;
      else
            bcd &= 0xf0;
      return bcd;
}
/*递减一个BCD码的高位*/
unsigned char DecBcdHigh(unsigned char bcd)
{
      if ((bcd&0xf0) > 0x00)
            bcd -= 0x10;
      else
            bcd |= 0x90;
      return bcd;
}
/*递减一个BCD码的低位*/
unsigned char DecBcdLow(unsigned char bcd)
{
      if ((bcd&0x0f) > 0x00)
            bcd -= 0x01;
      else
            bcd |= 0x09;
      return bcd;
}
/*递增周的BCD码*/
unsigned char IncWeekBcd(unsigned char bcd)
{
      if ((bcd&0x0f) < 0x07)
            bcd += 0x01;
      else
            bcd = 0x00;
      return bcd;
}
/*递减周的BCD码*/
unsigned char DecWeekBcd(unsigned char bcd)
{
      if ((bcd&0x0f) > 0x00)
            bcd -= 0x01;
      else
            bcd = 0x07;
      return bcd;
}
/*递增时间当前设置位的值*/
void IncSetTime()
{
      switch(setIndex)
      {
            case 1:bufTime.year = IncBcdHigh(bufTime.year);break;
            case 2:bufTime.year = IncBcdLow(bufTime.year);break;
            case 3:bufTime.mon = IncBcdHigh(bufTime.mon);break;
            case 4:bufTime.mon = IncBcdLow(bufTime.mon);break;
            case 5:bufTime.day = IncBcdHigh(bufTime.day);break;
            case 6:bufTime.day = IncBcdLow(bufTime.day);break;
            case 7:bufTime.week = IncWeekBcd(bufTime.week);break;
            case 8:bufTime.hour = IncBcdHigh(bufTime.hour);break;
            case 9:bufTime.hour = IncBcdLow(bufTime.hour);break;
            case 10:bufTime.min = IncTimeBcdHigh(bufTime.min);break;
            case 11:bufTime.min = IncBcdLow(bufTime.min);break;
            case 12:bufTime.sec = IncTimeBcdHigh(bufTime.sec);break;
            case 13:bufTime.sec = IncBcdLow(bufTime.sec);break;
            default:break;
      }
      RefreshTime();
      RefreshSetShow();
}
/*递减时间当前设置位的值*/
void DecSetTime()
{
      switch(setIndex)
      {
            case 1:bufTime.year = DecBcdHigh(bufTime.year);break;
            case 2:bufTime.year = DecBcdLow(bufTime.year);break;
            case 3:bufTime.mon = DecBcdHigh(bufTime.mon);break;
            case 4:bufTime.mon = DecBcdLow(bufTime.mon);break;
            case 5:bufTime.day = DecBcdHigh(bufTime.day);break;
            case 6:bufTime.day = DecBcdLow(bufTime.day);break;
            case 7:bufTime.week = DecWeekBcd(bufTime.week);break;
            case 8:bufTime.hour = DecBcdHigh(bufTime.hour);break;
            case 9:bufTime.hour = DecBcdLow(bufTime.hour);break;
            case 10:bufTime.min = DecTimeBcdHigh(bufTime.min);break;
            case 11:bufTime.min = DecBcdLow(bufTime.min);break;
            case 12:bufTime.sec = DecTimeBcdHigh(bufTime.sec);break;
            case 13:bufTime.sec = DecBcdLow(bufTime.sec);break;
            default:break;
      }
      RefreshTime();
      RefreshSetShow();
}
/*光标左移函数*/
void LeftShift()
{
      if (setIndex != 0)
      {
            if (setIndex > 1)
            {
                     setIndex--;
            }
            else
            {
                     setIndex = 13;
            }
            RefreshSetShow();
      }
}
/*光标右移函数*/
void RightShift()
{
      if (setIndex != 0)
      {
            if (setIndex < 13)
            {
                     setIndex++;
            }
            else
            {
                     setIndex = 1;
            }
            RefreshSetShow();
      }
}
/*退出时间设置函数，save-是否保存标志*/
void ExitSetTime(bit save)
{
      setIndex = 0;
      if (save)
      {
            SetRealTime(&bufTime);
      }
      LcdCloseCursor();
}
/*进入时间设置函数*/
void EnterSetTime()
{
      setIndex = 2;                      //先把设置标志位设为2，再向左移
      LeftShift();
      LcdOpenCursor();
}
/*按键执行函数，keycode-所传递的哪一个按键被按下*/
void KeyAction(unsigned char keycode)
{
      if (keycode >= '0' && keycode <= '9')
      {
      //数字按键不执行任何动作
      }
      else if (keycode == 0x26)       //数字键加
      {
            IncSetTime();
      }
      else if (keycode == 0x28)       //数字键减
      {
            DecSetTime();
      }
      else if (keycode == 0x25)       //光标向左移动
      {
            LeftShift();
      }
      else if (keycode == 0x27)       //光标向右移动
      {
            RightShift();
      }
      else if (keycode == 0x0d)       //进入/退出时间设置
      {
            if (setIndex == 0)
            {
                     EnterSetTime();
            }
            else
            {
                     ExitSetTime(1);       //保存数据并退出
            }
      }
      else if (keycode == 0x1b)       //取消键
      {
            ExitSetTime(0);                //不保存数据
      }
}

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五：主程序

#include <reg52.h>
//控制小灯的位
sbit led1 = P2^0;
sbit led2 = P2^1;
sbit led3 = P2^2;
//小灯开启时间表
ledstarthour[3] = {0x10, 0x10, 0x10};
ledstartmin[3] = {0x00, 0x02, 0x05};
//小灯关闭时间表
ledclosehour[3] = {0x10, 0x10, 0x10};
ledclosemin[3] = {0x01, 0x04, 0x06};
struct sTime {                                     //定义时间结构体
      unsigned char year;                      //年
      unsigned char mon;                      //月
      unsigned char day;                      //日
      unsigned char hour;                      //时
      unsigned char min;                      //分
      unsigned char sec;                      //秒
      unsigned char week;                      //星期
};
bit flag200ms = 0;                                              //定时标志
extern struct sTime bufTime;                      //时间缓冲区
extern unsigned char setIndex ;                   //设置标志位
unsigned char T0RH = 0;                                     //定时器的高8位
unsigned char T0RL = 0;                                     //定时器的低8位
/*函数声明*/
extern void KeyScan();
void configTimer0(unsigned char ms);
extern void InitLcd1602();
extern void InitDS1302();
extern void LcdShowStr(unsigned char x, unsigned char y, unsigned char *str);
extern void KeyDriver();
extern void GetRealTime(struct sTime * time);
void RefreshTime();
void LedStartMonitor();
void LedCloseMonitor();
void main()
{
      unsigned char psec = 0xaa;       //秒备份
      EA = 1;                                              //开总中断
      configTimer0(1);                      //为定时器0配置时间
      InitLcd1602();                               //初始化液晶显示屏
      InitDS1302();                               //初始化时钟
      //显示液晶上固定的位
      LcdShowStr(0, 0, "20  -  - week ");
      LcdShowStr(4, 1, "  :  :  ");
      while (1)
      {
            KeyDriver();                               //按键驱动
            if (flag200ms && (setIndex == 0))
            {
                     flag200ms = 0;
                     GetRealTime(&bufTime);                //获取实时时间
                     LedStartMonitor();
                     LedCloseMonitor();
                     if (psec != bufTime.sec)       //如果秒发生变化，就刷新时间
                     {
                              RefreshTime();
                              psec = bufTime.sec;
                     }
            }
      }
}
/*监控时间开启小灯函数，当到达指定时间，小灯亮*/
void LedStartMonitor()
{
      static unsigned char i = 0;
      if ((bufTime.hour == ledstarthour)&&(bufTime.min == ledstartmin))
      {
            led1 = 0;
            led2 = 0;
            led3 = 0;
            i++;
            if (i >= 3)
                     i = 0;
      }
}
/*监控时间关闭小灯函数，当到达指定时间，小灯灭*/
void LedCloseMonitor()
{
      static unsigned char i = 0;
      if ((bufTime.hour == ledclosehour)&&(bufTime.min == ledclosemin))
      {
            led1 = 1;
            led2 = 1;
            led3 = 1;
            i++;
            if (i >= 3)
                     i = 0;
      }
}
/*将BCD码转换为字符串*/
void ShowBcdByte(unsigned char x, unsigned char y, unsigned char dat)
{
      unsigned char buf[3];
      if (x == 15)                               //对“周”的特殊照顾
      {
            buf[0] = (dat&0x0f)+'0';
            buf[1] = '\0';
      }
      else
      {
            buf[0] = (dat>>4)+'0';
            buf[1] = (dat&0x0f)+'0';
            buf[2] = '\0';
      }
      LcdShowStr(x, y, buf);
}
/*刷新时间函数*/
void RefreshTime()
{
      ShowBcdByte(2, 0, bufTime.year);
      ShowBcdByte(5, 0, bufTime.mon);
      ShowBcdByte(8, 0, bufTime.day);
      ShowBcdByte(15, 0, bufTime.week);
      ShowBcdByte(4, 1, bufTime.hour);
      ShowBcdByte(7, 1, bufTime.min);
      ShowBcdByte(10, 1, bufTime.sec);
}
/*配置定时器0*/
void configTimer0(unsigned char ms)
{
      unsigned long temp;
      temp = 11059200 / 12;
      temp = (temp*ms)/1000;
      temp = 65536 - temp;
      T0RH = (unsigned char)(temp >> 8);
      T0RL = (unsigned char)temp;
      TMOD &= 0xf0;
      TMOD |= 0x01;
      TH0 = T0RH;
      TL0 = T0RL;
      TR0 = 1;
      ET0 = 1;             //打开定时器0中断
}
/*中断函数*/
void InterruptTimer0()                      interrupt 1
{
      static unsigned char tmr200ms = 0;
      TH0 = T0RH;
      TL0 = T0RL;
      KeyScan();
      tmr200ms++;
      if (tmr200ms >= 200)
      {
            tmr200ms = 0;
            flag200ms = 1;
      }
}

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时钟控制器（电子时钟）

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