指令和数据在stm32中存放的结构、堆栈大小及位置

只看该作者 · 2024-2-28 14:24

这一节应该和**从存储器映射来看stm32架构（内存与外设）**这一节结合来看

上面的代码区（Block0）又细分为以下：

下面左边是物理区分，右边常规字体是以st公司专有划分，右边粗体是以代码角度来区分

Flash =Code + RO-Data + RW-Data（.data）;

SRAM = RW-data+ZI-data(.bss+heap+stack);

.bss：未初始化的全局变量
heap：申请的动态内存（如果代码中没有动态申请内存map文件中是没有heap定义的）
stack：局部变量都是放在栈中

只看该作者 · 2024-2-28 14:24

下面是附件代码生成的map图
==============================================================================

Memory Map of the image

  Image Entry point : 0x08000131

  Load Region LR_IROM1 (Base: 0x08000000, Size: 0x0000293c, Max: 0x00010000, ABSOLUTE)

Execution Region ER_IROM1 (Exec base: 0x08000000, Load base: 0x08000000, Size: 0x00002904, Max: 0x00010000, ABSOLUTE)

Exec Addr Load Addr Size       Type Attr    Idx E Section Name       Object

0x08000000 0x08000000 0x00000130 Data RO       231 RESET             startup_stm32f10x_hd.o
##RESET是startup_stm32f10x_hd.s文件中AREA 定义的一块名为RESET的中断向量表数据
##下面的Code RO 都是代码段，.text是启动文件中AREA定义代码，其它是库代码段
0x08000130 0x08000130 0x00000000 Code RO       3423  * .ARM.Collect$$$$00000000  mc_w.l(entry.o)
0x08000130 0x08000130 0x00000004 Code RO       3738 .ARM.Collect$$$$00000001  mc_w.l(entry2.o)
0x08000134 0x08000134 0x00000004 Code RO       3741 .ARM.Collect$$$$00000004  mc_w.l(entry5.o)
0x08000138 0x08000138 0x00000000 Code RO       3743 .ARM.Collect$$$$00000008  mc_w.l(entry7b.o)
0x08000138 0x08000138 0x00000000 Code RO       3745 .ARM.Collect$$$$0000000A  mc_w.l(entry8b.o)
0x08000138 0x08000138 0x00000008 Code RO       3746 .ARM.Collect$$$$0000000B  mc_w.l(entry9a.o)
0x08000140 0x08000140 0x00000000 Code RO       3748 .ARM.Collect$$$$0000000D  mc_w.l(entry10a.o)
0x08000140 0x08000140 0x00000000 Code RO       3750 .ARM.Collect$$$$0000000F  mc_w.l(entry11a.o)
0x08000140 0x08000140 0x00000004 Code RO       3739 .ARM.Collect$$$$00002712  mc_w.l(entry2.o)
0x08000144 0x08000144 0x00000024 Code RO       232 .text             startup_stm32f10x_hd.o
0x08000168 0x08000168 0x00000062 Code RO       3426 .text             mc_w.l(ldiv.o)
0x080001ca 0x080001ca 0x00000064 Code RO       3689 .text             mf_w.l(fmul.o)
0x0800022e 0x0800022e 0x0000007c Code RO       3691 .text             mf_w.l(fdiv.o)
0x080002aa 0x080002aa 0x0000014e Code RO       3693 .text             mf_w.l(dadd.o)
0x080003f8 0x080003f8 0x000000e4 Code RO       3695 .text             mf_w.l(dmul.o)
0x080004dc 0x080004dc 0x000000de Code RO       3697 .text             mf_w.l(ddiv.o)
0x080005ba 0x080005ba 0x00000022 Code RO       3699 .text             mf_w.l(dflti.o)
0x080005dc 0x080005dc 0x0000001a Code RO       3701 .text             mf_w.l(dfltui.o)
0x080005f6 0x080005f6 0x00000028 Code RO       3703 .text             mf_w.l(ffixui.o)
0x0800061e 0x0800061e 0x00000026 Code RO       3705 .text             mf_w.l(f2d.o)
0x08000644 0x08000644 0x00000038 Code RO       3707 .text             mf_w.l(d2f.o)
0x0800067c 0x0800067c 0x00000014 Code RO       3709 .text             mf_w.l(cfrcmple.o)
0x08000690 0x08000690 0x00000062 Code RO       3755 .text             mc_w.l(uldiv.o)
0x080006f2 0x080006f2 0x0000001e Code RO       3757 .text             mc_w.l(llshl.o)
0x08000710 0x08000710 0x00000024 Code RO       3759 .text             mc_w.l(llsshr.o)
0x08000734 0x08000734 0x00000000 Code RO       3768 .text             mc_w.l(iusefp.o)
0x08000734 0x08000734 0x0000006e Code RO       3769 .text             mf_w.l(fepilogue.o)
0x080007a2 0x080007a2 0x000000ba Code RO       3771 .text             mf_w.l(depilogue.o)
0x0800085c 0x0800085c 0x0000002e Code RO       3773 .text             mf_w.l(dscalb.o)
0x0800088a 0x0800088a 0x00000002 PAD
0x0800088c 0x0800088c 0x00000030 Code RO       3777 .text             mf_w.l(cdrcmple.o)
0x080008bc 0x080008bc 0x00000024 Code RO       3779 .text             mc_w.l(init.o)
0x080008e0 0x080008e0 0x00000020 Code RO       3781 .text             mc_w.l(llushr.o)
0x08000900 0x08000900 0x000000a2 Code RO       3783 .text             mf_w.l(dsqrt.o)
0x080009a2 0x080009a2 0x00000004 Code RO       144 i.BusFault_Handler  stm32f10x_it.o
0x080009a6 0x080009a6 0x00000002 Code RO       145 i.DebugMon_Handler  stm32f10x_it.o
0x080009a8 0x080009a8 0x00000116 Code RO       243 i.GPIO_Init       stm32f10x_gpio.o
0x08000abe 0x08000abe 0x00000004 Code RO       251 i.GPIO_SetBits    stm32f10x_gpio.o
0x08000ac2 0x08000ac2 0x00000004 Code RO       146 i.HardFault_Handler  stm32f10x_it.o
0x08000ac6 0x08000ac6 0x00000002 PAD
0x08000ac8 0x08000ac8 0x00000038 Code RO       3164 i.IIC_Ack          myiic.o
0x08000b00 0x08000b00 0x00000038 Code RO       3165 i.IIC_Init       myiic.o
0x08000b38 0x08000b38 0x00000038 Code RO       3166 i.IIC_NAck       myiic.o
0x08000b70 0x08000b70 0x00000058 Code RO       3167 i.IIC_Read_Byte    myiic.o
0x08000bc8 0x08000bc8 0x00000060 Code RO       3168 i.IIC_Send_Byte    myiic.o
0x08000c28 0x08000c28 0x00000038 Code RO       3169 i.IIC_Start       myiic.o
0x08000c60 0x08000c60 0x00000034 Code RO       3170 i.IIC_Stop       myiic.o
0x08000c94 0x08000c94 0x0000004c Code RO       3171 i.IIC_Wait_Ack    myiic.o
0x08000ce0 0x08000ce0 0x00000050 Code RO       2906 i.LED_Init       led.o
0x08000d30 0x08000d30 0x00000004 Code RO       147 i.MemManage_Handler  stm32f10x_it.o
0x08000d34 0x08000d34 0x00000002 Code RO       148 i.NMI_Handler    stm32f10x_it.o
0x08000d36 0x08000d36 0x00000002 PAD
0x08000d38 0x08000d38 0x00000070 Code RO       551 i.NVIC_Init       misc.o
0x08000da8 0x08000da8 0x00000014 Code RO       552 i.NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig  misc.o
0x08000dbc 0x08000dbc 0x00000002 Code RO       149 i.PendSV_Handler stm32f10x_it.o
0x08000dbe 0x08000dbe 0x00000002 PAD
0x08000dc0 0x08000dc0 0x00000020 Code RO       355 i.RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd  stm32f10x_rcc.o
0x08000de0 0x08000de0 0x000000d4 Code RO       363 i.RCC_GetClocksFreq  stm32f10x_rcc.o
0x08000eb4 0x08000eb4 0x00000020 Code RO       3172 i.SDA_IN          myiic.o
0x08000ed4 0x08000ed4 0x00000024 Code RO       3173 i.SDA_OUT          myiic.o
0x08000ef8 0x08000ef8 0x00000002 Code RO       150 i.SVC_Handler    stm32f10x_it.o
0x08000efa 0x08000efa 0x00000008 Code RO       2862 i.SetSysClock    system_stm32f10x.o
0x08000f02 0x08000f02 0x00000002 PAD
0x08000f04 0x08000f04 0x000000e0 Code RO       2863 i.SetSysClockTo72 system_stm32f10x.o
0x08000fe4 0x08000fe4 0x00000028 Code RO       555 i.SysTick_CLKSourceConfig  misc.o
0x0800100c 0x0800100c 0x00000002 Code RO       151 i.SysTick_Handler stm32f10x_it.o
0x0800100e 0x0800100e 0x00000002 PAD
0x08001010 0x08001010 0x0000003c Code RO       3320 i.SysTick_Init    systick.o
0x0800104c 0x0800104c 0x00000060 Code RO       2865 i.SystemInit       system_stm32f10x.o
0x080010ac 0x080010ac 0x0000003c Code RO       3349 i.USART1_IRQHandler  usart.o
0x080010e8 0x080010e8 0x000000b0 Code RO       3350 i.USART1_Init    usart.o
0x08001198 0x08001198 0x00000040 Code RO       3379 i.USART2_IRQHandler  rs485.o
0x080011d8 0x080011d8 0x00000012 Code RO       1189 i.USART_ClearFlag stm32f10x_usart.o
0x080011ea 0x080011ea 0x00000018 Code RO       1193 i.USART_Cmd       stm32f10x_usart.o
0x08001202 0x08001202 0x0000001a Code RO       1196 i.USART_GetFlagStatus  stm32f10x_usart.o
0x0800121c 0x0800121c 0x00000054 Code RO       1197 i.USART_GetITStatus  stm32f10x_usart.o
0x08001270 0x08001270 0x0000004a Code RO       1199 i.USART_ITConfig stm32f10x_usart.o
0x080012ba 0x080012ba 0x00000002 PAD
0x080012bc 0x080012bc 0x000000d8 Code RO       1200 i.USART_Init       stm32f10x_usart.o
0x08001394 0x08001394 0x0000000a Code RO       1207 i.USART_ReceiveData  stm32f10x_usart.o
0x0800139e 0x0800139e 0x00000008 Code RO       1210 i.USART_SendData stm32f10x_usart.o
0x080013a6 0x080013a6 0x00000004 Code RO       152 i.UsageFault_Handler  stm32f10x_it.o
0x080013aa 0x080013aa 0x00000002 PAD
0x080013ac 0x080013ac 0x00000020 Code RO       3561 i.__0printf$5    mc_w.l(printf5.o)
0x080013cc 0x080013cc 0x00000028 Code RO       3725 i.__ARM_fpclassify  m_ws.l(fpclassify.o)
0x080013f4 0x080013f4 0x000000aa Code RO       3727 i.__kernel_poly    m_ws.l(poly.o)
0x0800149e 0x0800149e 0x00000002 PAD
0x080014a0 0x080014a0 0x00000010 Code RO       3711 i.__mathlib_dbl_divzero  m_ws.l(dunder.o)
0x080014b0 0x080014b0 0x00000004 Code RO       3713 i.__mathlib_dbl_infnan2  m_ws.l(dunder.o)
0x080014b4 0x080014b4 0x0000000c Code RO       3714 i.__mathlib_dbl_invalid  m_ws.l(dunder.o)
0x080014c0 0x080014c0 0x0000000e Code RO       3715 i.__mathlib_dbl_overflow  m_ws.l(dunder.o)
0x080014ce 0x080014ce 0x00000002 PAD
0x080014d0 0x080014d0 0x00000010 Code RO       3717 i.__mathlib_dbl_underflow  m_ws.l(dunder.o)
0x080014e0 0x080014e0 0x0000000e Code RO       3789 i.__scatterload_copy  mc_w.l(handlers.o)
0x080014ee 0x080014ee 0x00000002 Code RO       3790 i.__scatterload_null  mc_w.l(handlers.o)
0x080014f0 0x080014f0 0x0000000e Code RO       3791 i.__scatterload_zeroinit  mc_w.l(handlers.o)
0x080014fe 0x080014fe 0x00000002 PAD
0x08001500 0x08001500 0x0000000c Code RO       3763 i.__set_errno    mc_w.l(errno.o)
0x0800150c 0x0800150c 0x000002c0 Code RO       3568 i._printf_core    mc_w.l(printf5.o)
0x080017cc 0x080017cc 0x000001b0 Code RO       3257 i.bmp280CompensateP  bmp280.o
0x0800197c 0x0800197c 0x00000048 Code RO       3258 i.bmp280CompensateT  bmp280.o
0x080019c4 0x080019c4 0x00000088 Code RO       3259 i.bmp280GetData    bmp280.o
0x08001a4c 0x08001a4c 0x0000004c Code RO       3260 i.bmp280GetPressure  bmp280.o
0x08001a98 0x08001a98 0x00000084 Code RO       3261 i.bmp280Init       bmp280.o
0x08001b1c 0x08001b1c 0x0000007c Code RO       3262 i.bmp280PressureToAltitude  bmp280.o
0x08001b98 0x08001b98 0x0000004c Code RO       3321 i.delay_ms       systick.o
0x08001be4 0x08001be4 0x0000004c Code RO       3322 i.delay_us       systick.o
0x08001c30 0x08001c30 0x00000024 Code RO       3351 i.fputc          usart.o
0x08001c54 0x08001c54 0x00000060 Code RO       3174 i.iicDevRead       myiic.o
0x08001cb4 0x08001cb4 0x00000040 Code RO       3175 i.iicDevReadByte myiic.o
0x08001cf4 0x08001cf4 0x00000030 Code RO       3177 i.iicDevWriteByte myiic.o
0x08001d24 0x08001d24 0x000000a0 Code RO          1 i.main             main.o
0x08001dc4 0x08001dc4 0x000009d8 Code RO       3414 i.pow             m_ws.l(pow.o)
0x0800279c 0x0800279c 0x00000006 Code RO       3263 i.presssureFilter bmp280.o
0x080027a2 0x080027a2 0x0000004c Code RO       3731 i.sqrt             m_ws.l(sqrt.o)
0x080027ee 0x080027ee 0x00000002 PAD
0x080027f0 0x080027f0 0x00000088 Data RO       3415 .constdata       m_ws.l(pow.o)
0x08002878 0x08002878 0x00000008 Data RO       3729 .constdata       m_ws.l(qnan.o)
0x08002880 0x08002880 0x00000064 Data RO          2 .conststring       main.o
0x080028e4 0x080028e4 0x00000020 Data RO       3787 Region$$Table    anon$$obj.o

Execution Region RW_IRAM1 (Exec base: 0x20000000, Load base: 0x08002904, Size: 0x00000498, Max: 0x00005000, ABSOLUTE)

Exec Addr Load Addr Size       Type Attr    Idx E Section Name       Object

0x20000000 0x08002904 0x00000014 Data RW       383 .data             stm32f10x_rcc.o
0x20000014 0x08002918 0x00000014 Data RW       3265 .data             bmp280.o
0x20000028 0x0800292c 0x00000004 Data RW       3323 .data             systick.o
0x2000002c 0x08002930 0x00000001 Data RW       3381 .data             rs485.o
0x2000002d 0x08002931 0x00000003 PAD
0x20000030 0x08002934 0x00000004 Data RW       3752 .data             mc_w.l(stdout.o)
0x20000034 0x08002938 0x00000004 Data RW       3764 .data             mc_w.l(errno.o)
0x20000038       -    0x0000001c Zero RW       3264 .bss             bmp280.o
0x20000054       -    0x00000040 Zero RW       3380 .bss             rs485.o
0x20000094 0x0800293c 0x00000004 PAD
0x20000098       -    0x00000400 Zero RW       229 STACK             startup_stm32f10x_hd.o

==============================================================================

上面分为两个部分：
怎么看

1.Load Region 范围（0x08000000 – 0x0800293c）
可以称之为加载域，加载的指令在这里，初始化时将RW-data从flash中加载到SRAM中

2.Execution Region 范围（0x20000000 – 0x20000098）
可以称之为执行域，在代码运行过程中，生成的中间变量和全局变量的修改都是在这个区域进行的（SRAM）
在这一部分我们可以看到在最左边执行地址的后面又Load Addr，这个地址就是当前地址上的数据是从哪里加载过来的，可以看到RW-data是从第一部分RO-data后面加载过来的

第二部分最后有STACK这个section，它是从0x20000098地址开始，然后在startup_stm32f10x_hd启动文件里定义了0x00000400大小的栈，所以在编译完后栈指针sp就等于0x00000498

只看该作者 · 2024-2-28 14:25

同样可以在map文件全局符号那块看到，如下图

只看该作者 · 2024-2-28 14:25

下面为局部符号STACK，为栈底指针

只看该作者 · 2024-2-28 14:25

   Code (inc. data) RO Data RW Data ZI Data    Debug

   9920       616       580       56    1120    272362 Grand Totals
   9920       616       580       56    1120    272362 ELF Image Totals
   9920       616       580       56       0       0 ROM Totals
   ==============================================================================

Total RO  Size (Code + RO Data)             10500 (  10.25kB)
Total RW  Size (RW Data + ZI Data)             1176 ( 1.15kB)
Total ROM Size (Code + RO Data + RW Data)    10556 (  10.31kB)

==============================================================================

可以看到上述RW Data + ZI Data其实就是编译后加载到SRAM内的数据，转换为16进制就是0x00000498
ZI Data 在map文件中就是type为zero attr为RW的数据，也就是（.bss+heap+stack）