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; STM32F103 LED Blinking Assembly Program

; Author: ChatGPT

; Date: April 2024



; Define STM32F103 register addresses

GPIOC_BASE    equ 0x40011000    ; GPIOC base address

RCC_APB2ENR   equ 0x40021018    ; RCC APB2 Enable Register address



; Define GPIOC registers offsets

GPIOC_CRL     equ 0x00    ; GPIOC Port Configuration Register Low

GPIOC_CRH     equ 0x04    ; GPIOC Port Configuration Register High

GPIOC_ODR     equ 0x0C    ; GPIOC Output Data Register



; Define bit masks

GPIOC13       equ (1 << 13)    ; GPIOC Pin 13



; Define delay subroutine

Delay:

    ldr r0, =0x3FFFFF    ; Load delay value

Loop:

    subs r0, #1          ; Decrement delay counter

    bne Loop             ; Repeat until zero

    bx lr                ; Return



; Main program

.section .text

.global _start

_start:

    ; Enable GPIOC clock

    ldr r1, =RCC_APB2ENR    ; Load RCC_APB2ENR address into r1

    ldr r0, [r1]            ; Load RCC_APB2ENR value into r0

    orr r0, r0, #(1 << 4)   ; Set bit 4 (IOPCEN) to enable GPIOC clock

    str r0, [r1]            ; Write back to RCC_APB2ENR



    ; Configure GPIOC Pin 13 as output

    ldr r1, =GPIOC_BASE    ; Load GPIOC base address into r1

    ldr r0, [r1, #GPIOC_CRH]    ; Load GPIOC_CRH value into r0

    bic r0, r0, #(0xF << 20)    ; Clear bits 20-23 to configure PC13 as output

    orr r0, r0, #(0x3 << 20)    ; Set bits 20-23 to configure PC13 as output push-pull

    str r0, [r1, #GPIOC_CRH]    ; Write back to GPIOC_CRH



Loop:

    ; Turn on LED (set PC13 high)

    ldr r0, =GPIOC13    ; Load GPIOC13 bitmask into r0

    ldr r1, =GPIOC_BASE    ; Load GPIOC base address into r1

    ldr r2, [r1, #GPIOC_ODR]    ; Load GPIOC_ODR value into r2

    orr r2, r2, r0        ; Set PC13 to high

    str r2, [r1, #GPIOC_ODR]    ; Write back to GPIOC_ODR



    ; Delay

    bl Delay



    ; Turn off LED (set PC13 low)

    ldr r0, =GPIOC13    ; Load GPIOC13 bitmask into r0

    ldr r1, =GPIOC_BASE    ; Load GPIOC base address into r1

    ldr r2, [r1, #GPIOC_ODR]    ; Load GPIOC_ODR value into r2

    bic r2, r2, r0        ; Set PC13 to low

    str r2, [r1, #GPIOC_ODR]    ; Write back to GPIOC_ODR



    ; Delay

    bl Delay



    ; Repeat forever

    b Loop



; End of program