问答

[img]https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i4/2217847171116/O1CN01wolC621K7AxvkDGAH_!!2217847171116.jpg[/img]如上图是电机的接口，高电平都是5V左右，PWM与速度反馈信号可以直接连接到3.3V的stm32芯片引脚吗？

最近调试电机位置控制的项目，其中涉及到积分项的设置，有以下疑问问题：在项目中主要使用了P、I两个参数，比例计算的分量△P、积分计算的分量△I，在初始偏差较大时，△P和△I都很大，最终输出很大，容易超调，因此增加了一个限制条件，在偏差较大时不让积分介入，偏差小于特定值S时让积分介入，以此减少积分量对系统超调的影响。但是存在一个问题，在偏差略微大于特定值S时，就会存在积分量不介入，仅有比例项的分量，最终输出会很小，若阻力较大，电机就无法驱动。针对以上的问题请高人指点一二，多谢了~

压缩机的控制负载周期性变化，这时如何保证速度的恒定。

想利用STM32F103C8T6的GPIOA的11 12和15脚控制3个LED灯，但是发现无法控制GPIO15引脚的点平，但是11和12脚可以控制，初始化的时候试过了初始化所有引脚和仅初始化GPIOA的11 12和15脚，均无法控制15脚的高低电平，15脚一直是高电平。初始化代码如下：1、初始化所有GPIOA引脚 int main(void) { /*开启时钟*/ RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE); /*GPIO初始化*/ GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure; //定义结构体变量 GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP; //GPIO模式，赋值为推挽输出模式 GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_All; //GPIO引脚，赋值为所有引脚 GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz; //GPIO速度，赋值为50MHz GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure); //将赋值后的构体变量传递给GPIO_Init函数 while (1) { GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_11); GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_12); GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_15); Delay_ms(500); GPIO_SetBits(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_11); GPIO_SetBits(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_12); GPIO_SetBits(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_15); Delay_ms(500); } } 2、仅初始化GPIOA的引脚11 12和15脚 int main(void) { /*开启时钟*/ RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA|RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE); //开启GPIOA的时钟 /*GPIO初始化*/ GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure; GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP; GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_11 | GPIO_Pin_12| GPIO_Pin_15; GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz; GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure); //将PA11 PA12 PA15引脚初始化为推挽输出 while (1) { GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_11); GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_12); GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_15); Delay_ms(500); GPIO_SetBits(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_11); GPIO_SetBits(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_12); GPIO_SetBits(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_15); Delay_ms(500); } } 在单步调试的时候GPIO的IDR15引脚一直是高电平，是哪里出了问题呢？程序中只用到了GPIO的A引脚电量3个LED灯而已，没有别的模块了。 该怎么办呢？

GD32F470 SDRAM+NAND FLAH可以同时用吗？如果可以，怎样控制，有没有相关案例分享

MSPM0的板子的CAN是CAN-FD，怎么配置成经典CAN控制3508电机

刚接触这个芯片，这一个问题搞了两天的，真的不友好，连个寄存器手册也没！！！！CW32 的高级时钟如何同时控制6路pwm,并且能够独立控制6路的占空比？

请问我用stm32f103c8t6做主控，通过pwn输出控制继电器加热1100w卤素管，pwm为1khz，pid周期为1s，为什么我的d参数无论加多大都不能减低超调？这个是大滞后系统[img]data:image/png;base64,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***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[/img]

[attach]1534504[/attach]如果利用单片机输出的0/5V信号控制场效应管的Rds，利用分压原理，是否可以控制IRS2092的CSD引脚，让IRS2092处于不同的状态 其中CSD引脚和IRS2092的输出的关系，如下图： [attach]1534506[/attach][attach]1534508[/attach] 其中Vth1，和Vth2和VAA(我在图中使用的VAA是48V)的关系如下图： [attach]1534510[/attach] 另外场效应管(IRF3710)的部分参数如下： [attach]1534512[/attach] 另外，如果可以控制是否还需要考虑其他问题？求大神高见

在使用内部ad采样时，ADC12CTL0控制寄存器中的SHT0是决定采样保持时间的，，现在想通过按键实时改变采样保持时间

截止阀又称截门阀，属于强制密封式阀门，是截断类阀门的一种。 按连接方式分为三种：法兰连接、丝扣连接、焊接连接。我国阀门“三化给”曾规定，截止阀的流向，一律采用自上而下，所以安装时有方向性。阀杆的运动形式，（通用名称：暗杆），有升降旋转杆式，可用于控制空气、水、蒸汽、各种腐蚀性介质、泥浆、油品、液态金属和放射性介质等各种类型流体的流动。因此，这种类型的截流截止阀阀门非常适合作为切断或调节以及节流用。由于该类阀门的阀杆开启或关闭行程相对较短，而且具有非常可靠的切断功能，又由于阀座通口的变化与阀瓣的行程成正比例关系，非常适合于对流量的调节。 截止阀设计为低进高出，目的是使流动阻力小，在开启阀门时省力。同时阀门关闭时，阀壳和阀盖间的垫料与阀杆周围的填料不受力，不致长时间受到介质压力和温度的作用可延长使用寿命，减少泄漏的几率。另外这样还可在阀门关闭的状态下更换或增添填料，便于维修。 很多人认为，截止阀都是低进高出，其实不然。一般情况下截止阀都是低进高出，然而也有一些特殊情况截止阀是高进低出： 1、直径大于100mm的高压截止阀 由于大直径阀门密封性能差，采用这种方法截止阀在关闭状态下，介质压力作用在阀瓣上方，以增加阀门的密封性。 2、旁路管道上串联的两个截止阀，第二个截止阀要求“高进低出” 为保证一个检修周期内阀门的严密性，经常启闭操作的阀门要求装设两个串联的截止阀。对于旁路系统而言，此旁路的装设作用有：①平衡主管道阀门前后压力，使开启方便省力，减小主管道阀门的磨损；②启动过程中小流量暖管；③主给水管道上，控制给水流量以控制锅炉升压速度进行锅炉水压试验。按介质流动方向旁路截止阀分别为一次阀和二次阀，机组正常运行时一次阀和二次阀是关闭的，二者都和介质直接接触。为防止二次阀阀壳和阀盖间的垫料与阀杆周围的填料长时间受到介质和温度作用，以及在运行过程可以更换阀门的填料，二次阀要求的安装方向“高进低出”。 3、锅炉排气、放空截止阀 锅炉排气、放空截止阀仅在锅炉启动上水过程中使用，启闭频率小，但常常由于密封不严而造成工质损失，为此有的电厂为了提高严密性将此类截止阀安装方向“高进低出”。 4、电磁速断阀 电磁速断阀的功能是快速关闭，迅速切断燃油供应。电磁速断阀的结构和截止阀的结构相似，如果电磁速断阀也是工质从下部进入，上部流出，则燃油作用在电磁速断阀阀瓣下部的力很大，而电磁速断阀的重锤远小于它。因此，如果工质从下部进入速断阀，则因重锤产生力矩小于燃油压力产生的力矩，当速断阀动作时不能将燃油切断，因而达不到预期的目的。如果工质从速断阀上部进入，则由于速断阀一旦动作后，阀后压力迅速降低，燃油作用在阀瓣下部的力很快降为零，而燃油作用在阀瓣上的力和重锤、杠杆的重力所形成的力。 一般大口径和高压状态下采用低进高出的话关闭阀门比较困难，如果在高压大口径状态下采用低进高出，阀杆长期受到水压力容易变形弯曲，影响阀门的安全性和密封性；选用高进低处的话对阀杆直径就可以小点，对于厂家和使用者来说也会节约点成本。

如下电路，输入36V，通过控制Q45的栅极开控制电源的输出，当不加负载的时候，TURN-BAT-4为低时输出有电压，TURN-BAT-4为高时输出无电压。 但是当MOS管流过电流也就是输出有负载的情况下，将TURN-BAT-4引脚置1，MOS管击穿，不清楚什么原因，请帮忙分析一下。

电路中BTA16双向可控硅时如何导通和关断的？

本人才接触电机控制不到一星期，刚接手公司的一个电机项目。我的程序是单独给q轴电流，将电机先拖到零位，再加速启动。现在遇到的问题是上电后电机不转动，调整了启动电流也不行，想请教一下一些可能的原因？

谁有三易电子视频教程，淘宝好贵呀，官方一次推荐看好几部。我只想学习仪器控制部分，谁有？提供者有偿获取，谢谢